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3D genomics across the tree of life reveals condensin II as a determinant of architecture type.

ABSTRACT: We investigated genome folding across the eukaryotic tree of life. We find two types of three-dimensional (3D) genome architectures at the chromosome scale. Each type appears and disappears repeatedly during eukaryotic evolution. The type of genome architecture that an organism exhibits correlates with the absence of condensin II subunits. Moreover, condensin II depletion converts the architecture of the human genome to a state resembling that seen in organisms such as fungi or mosquitoes. In this state, centromeres cluster together at nucleoli, and heterochromatin domains merge. We propose a physical model in which lengthwise compaction of chromosomes by condensin II during mitosis determines chromosome-scale genome architecture, with effects that are retained during the subsequent interphase. This mechanism likely has been conserved since the last common ancestor of all eukaryotes.

SUBMITTER: Hoencamp C 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8172041 | biostudies-literature | 2021 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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3D genomics across the tree of life reveals condensin II as a determinant of architecture type.

Hoencamp Claire C   Dudchenko Olga O   Elbatsh Ahmed M O AMO   Brahmachari Sumitabha S   Raaijmakers Jonne A JA   van Schaik Tom T   Sedeño Cacciatore Ángela Á   Contessoto Vinícius G VG   van Heesbeen Roy G H P RGHP   van den Broek Bram B   Mhaskar Aditya N AN   Teunissen Hans H   St Hilaire Brian Glenn BG   Weisz David D   Omer Arina D AD   Pham Melanie M   Colaric Zane Z   Yang Zhenzhen Z   Rao Suhas S P SSP   Mitra Namita N   Lui Christopher C   Yao Weijie W   Khan Ruqayya R   Moroz Leonid L LL   Kohn Andrea A   St Leger Judy J   Mena Alexandria A   Holcroft Karen K   Gambetta Maria Cristina MC   Lim Fabian F   Farley Emma E   Stein Nils N   Haddad Alexander A   Chauss Daniel D   Mutlu Ayse Sena AS   Wang Meng C MC   Young Neil D ND   Hildebrandt Evin E   Cheng Hans H HH   Knight Christopher J CJ   Burnham Theresa L U TLU   Hovel Kevin A KA   Beel Andrew J AJ   Mattei Pierre-Jean PJ   Kornberg Roger D RD   Warren Wesley C WC   Cary Gregory G   Gómez-Skarmeta José Luis JL   Hinman Veronica V   Lindblad-Toh Kerstin K   Di Palma Federica F   Maeshima Kazuhiro K   Multani Asha S AS   Pathak Sen S   Nel-Themaat Liesl L   Behringer Richard R RR   Kaur Parwinder P   Medema René H RH   van Steensel Bas B   de Wit Elzo E   Onuchic José N JN   Di Pierro Michele M   Lieberman Aiden Erez E   Rowland Benjamin D BD  

Science (New York, N.Y.) 20210501 6545

We investigated genome folding across the eukaryotic tree of life. We find two types of three-dimensional (3D) genome architectures at the chromosome scale. Each type appears and disappears repeatedly during eukaryotic evolution. The type of genome architecture that an organism exhibits correlates with the absence of condensin II subunits. Moreover, condensin II depletion converts the architecture of the human genome to a state resembling that seen in organisms such as fungi or mosquitoes. In th  ...[more]

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