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Targeting Mammalian 5-Lipoxygenase by Dietary Phenolics as an Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism: A Systematic Review.

ABSTRACT: 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) plays a key role in inflammation through the biosynthesis of leukotrienes and other lipid mediators. Current evidence suggests that dietary (poly)phenols exert a beneficial impact on human health through anti-inflammatory activities. Their mechanisms of action have mostly been associated with the modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β), prostaglandins (PGE2), and the interaction with NF-κB and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) pathways. Much less is known about the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) pathway as a target of dietary (poly)phenols. This systematic review aimed to summarize how dietary (poly)phenols target the 5-LOX pathway in preclinical and human studies. The number of studies identified is low (5, 24, and 127 human, animal, and cellular studies, respectively) compared to the thousands of studies focusing on the COX-2 pathway. Some (poly)phenolics such as caffeic acid, hydroxytyrosol, resveratrol, curcumin, nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), and quercetin have been reported to reduce the formation of 5-LOX eicosanoids in vitro. However, the in vivo evidence is inconclusive because of the low number of studies and the difficulty of attributing effects to (poly)phenols. Therefore, increasing the number of studies targeting the 5-LOX pathway would largely expand our knowledge on the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of (poly)phenols.

SUBMITTER: Gimenez-Bastida JA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8348464 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Targeting Mammalian 5-Lipoxygenase by Dietary Phenolics as an Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism: A Systematic Review.

Giménez-Bastida Juan Antonio JA González-Sarrías Antonio A Laparra-Llopis José Moisés JM Schneider Claus C Espín Juan Carlos JC

International journal of molecular sciences 20210725 15

5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) plays a key role in inflammation through the biosynthesis of leukotrienes and other lipid mediators. Current evidence suggests that dietary (poly)phenols exert a beneficial impact on human health through anti-inflammatory activities. Their mechanisms of action have mostly been associated with the modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β), prostaglandins (PGE<sub>2</sub>), and the interaction with NF-κB and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) pathways. Much less is known ...[more]

PMID: 34360703

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Project description:PurposeNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading chronic hepatic condition. Low-grade chronic inflammation contributes to disease progression. Diet has protective effects on hepatic health and inflammatory pathways. The purpose of this review is to systematically review and describe the effects of anti-inflammatory dietary patterns on NAFLD.MethodsThe Cochrane CENTRAL Library, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, MEDLINE and Web of Science databases were searched. A total of 252 records were identified, 7 of which were included in this review. The revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used to conduct a quality assessment for randomised trials. Certainty of evidence was assessed using the grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation tool.ResultsOf the 7 included studies, 6 were classified as low risk of bias and studies ranged from high to very low certainty of evidence. In the randomised-controlled studies systematically reviewed, either adherence to the Mediterranean, DASH, or FLiO diet was studied, against usual care or energy matched controls, with a total of 255 participants. Anti-inflammatory dietary pattern adherence significantly reduced the severity of most hepatic and inflammatory markers, and secondary outcomes. A minority of outcomes were improved significantly more than controls.ConclusionAnti-inflammatory dietary patterns showed benefits to NAFLD risk factors, severity markers and inflammatory markers compared to the control diet. It is unclear whether reductions in the evaluated parameters are related solely to the anti-inflammatory diet or weight loss resulting from caloric restriction, as improvements in control groups were also evidenced. Current limited body of evidence indicates need for further research including isocaloric dietary patterns, longer interventions, measures of inflammatory markers, and studies including normal-weight subjects to confirm findings at higher certainty.Prospero registrationCRD42021269382.

Dataset Information

Targeting Mammalian 5-Lipoxygenase by Dietary Phenolics as an Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism: A Systematic Review.

Publications

Targeting Mammalian 5-Lipoxygenase by Dietary Phenolics as an Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism: A Systematic Review.

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