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Surface Epitaxial Nano-Topography Facilitates Biomineralization to Promote Osteogenic Differentiation and Osteogenesis.

ABSTRACT: Biomimetic modification of hydroxyapatite on a polymer surface is a potent strategy for activating biological functions in bone tissue engineering applications. However, the polymer surface is bioinert, and it is difficult to introduce a uniform calcium phosphate (CaP) layer. To overcome this limitation, we constructed a specific nano-topographical structure onto a poly(ε-caprolactone) substrate via surface-directed epitaxial crystallization. Formation of the CaP layer on the nano-topological surface was enhanced by 2.34-fold compared to that on a smooth surface. This effect was attributed to the abundant crystallization sites for CaP deposition because of the increased surface area and roughness. Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) were used to examine the biological effect of biomineralized surfaces. We clearly demonstrated that BMSCs responded to surface biomineralization. Osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of BMSCs were significantly promoted on the biomineralized nano-topological surface. The expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteogenic-related genes as well as extracellular matrix mineralization was significantly enhanced. The proposed strategy shows potential for designing bone repair scaffolds.

SUBMITTER: Zhu GY

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8388092 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Surface Epitaxial Nano-Topography Facilitates Biomineralization to Promote Osteogenic Differentiation and Osteogenesis.

Zhu Guan-Yin GY Liu Ya-Hui YH Liu Wei W Huang Xin-Qi XQ Zhang Bo B Zheng Zi-Li ZL Wei Xin X Xu Jia-Zhuang JZ Zhao Zhi-He ZH

ACS omega 20210813 33

Biomimetic modification of hydroxyapatite on a polymer surface is a potent strategy for activating biological functions in bone tissue engineering applications. However, the polymer surface is bioinert, and it is difficult to introduce a uniform calcium phosphate (CaP) layer. To overcome this limitation, we constructed a specific nano-topographical structure onto a poly(ε-caprolactone) substrate via surface-directed epitaxial crystallization. Formation of the CaP layer on the nano-topological su ...[more]

PMID: 34471781

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Project description:BackgroundBone tissue is one of the tissues that are capable of self-regeneration. However, bone self-regeneration is defeated in the case of broad lesion of bone structure. Isolated stem cells from wisdom tooth follicles can potentially differentiate into ectodermal and mesodermal cells. Saghez is a natural substance that has been extracted from Pistacia terebinthus with unique features, such as high temperature and mechanical stability, adhesive structure, biocompatibility, and anti-neoplastic properties.MethodsIn this study, Saghez-encapsulated BMP2 was applied as a scaffold for wisdom tooth follicle stem cell differentiation into the osteocyte. A total of three wisdom tooth follicles were obtained for stem cell isolation. For verification of differentiation of the isolated stem cells into osteocyte and adipocyte, Oil Red and Alizarin staining were applied, respectively. Moreover, mesenchymal stem cells were distinguished by profiling their cell surface markers, includingCD73, CD90, CD44, and CD105, by flow cytometry. Saghez scaffold loaded with BMP2 factor was prepared using sol-gel method. Four experimental groups were considered in this study: cells seeded on BMP2 encapsulated in Saghez scaffold, Saghez scaffold, osteogenic medium, and DMEM medium.ResultsMechanical properties of Saghez scaffold, including tensile Young's modulus, ultimate tensile stress, compression Young's modulus, and complex shear modulus, were 19 MPa, 32 MPa, 0.42 MPa, and 0.9 MPa, respectively. The porosity of the scaffold was 70-140 μm, and the percentage of porosity was 75-98%. The results of flow cytometry studies indicated that CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105 were positively expressed on the membrane of the tooth follicles' stem cell. The results indicated that the rate of differentiation of the follicle stem cells into osteocyte was the highest in the Saghez-BMP2 scaffold containing differentiation medium groups. These findings were verified by morphological studies, osteoblast and osteocalcin gene and protein expression investigations, and alkaline phosphatase activity measurement. The highest osteopontin and osteocalcin genes expression levels (1.7 and 1.9) were seen in positive control, followed by DMEM + differentiation factor (1.5 and 1.6), scaffold + BMP2 (1.2 and 1.4), DMEM + stem cell (1 and 1) and scaffold (0.4 and 0.5), and negative control respectively.ConclusionThis study provides a novel system for differentiation of the stem cell into osteocytes. The results of this study suggest that loaded BMP2 in Saghez scaffold possibly acts as an osteocyte differentiator factor.

Dataset Information

Surface Epitaxial Nano-Topography Facilitates Biomineralization to Promote Osteogenic Differentiation and Osteogenesis.

Publications

Surface Epitaxial Nano-Topography Facilitates Biomineralization to Promote Osteogenic Differentiation and Osteogenesis.

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