Dataset Information

SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Structure of the Russian Population during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

ABSTRACT: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, which came to Russia in March 2020, is accompanied by morbidity level changes and can be tracked using serological monitoring of a representative population sample from Federal Districts (FDs) and individual regions. In a longitudinal cohort study conducted in 26 model regions of Russia, distributed across all FDs, we investigated the distribution and cumulative proportions of individuals with antibodies (Abs) to the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antigen (Ag), in the period from June to December 2020, using a three-phase monitoring process. In addition, during the formation of the cohort of volunteers, the number of seropositive convalescents, persons who had contact with patients or COVID-19 convalescents, and the prevalence of asymptomatic forms of infection among seropositive volunteers were determined. According to a uniform methodology, 3 mL of blood was taken from the examined individuals, and plasma was separated, from which the presence of Abs to nucleocapsid Ag was determined on a Thermo Scientific Multiascan FC device using the "ELISA anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG" reagent set (prod. Scientific Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology), in accordance with the developer's instructions. Volunteers (74,158) were surveyed and divided into seven age groups (1-17, 18-29, 30-39, 40-49, 59-59, 60-69, and 70+ years old), among whom 14,275 were identified as having antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. The average percent seropositive in Russia was 17.8% (IQR: 8.8-23.2). The largest proportion was found among children under 17 years old (21.6% (IQR: 13.1-31.7). In the remaining groups, seroprevalence ranged from 15.6% (IQR: 8-21.1) to 18.0% (IQR: 13.4-22.6). During monitoring, three (immune) response groups were found: (A) groups with a continuous increase in the proportion of seropositive; (B) those with a slow rate of increase in seroprevalence; and (C) those with a two-phase curve, wherein the initial increase was replaced by a decrease in the percentage of seropositive individuals. A significant correlation was revealed between the number of COVID-19 convalescents and contact persons, and between the number of contacts and healthy seropositive volunteers. Among the seropositive volunteers, more than 93.6% (IQR: 87.1-94.9) were asymptomatic. The results show that the COVID-19 pandemic is accompanied by an increase in seroprevalence, which may be important for the formation of herd immunity.

SUBMITTER: Popova AY

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8402751 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Structure of the Russian Population during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Popova Anna Y AY Smirnov Viacheslav S VS Andreeva Elena E EE Babura Elena A EA Balakhonov Sergey V SV Bashketova Natalia S NS Bugorkova Svetlana A SA Bulanov Maxim V MV Valeullina Natalia N NN Vetrov Viacheslav V VV Goryaev Dmitriy V DV Detkovskaya Tatyana N TN Ezhlova Elena B EB Zaitseva Natalia N NN Istorik Olga A OA Kovalchuk Irina V IV Kozlovskikh Dmitriy N DN Kombarova Svetlana Y SY Kurganova Olga P OP Lomovtsev Alexander E AE Lukicheva Lena A LA Lyalina Ludmila V LV Melnikova Albina A AA Mikailova Olga M OM Noskov Alexei K AK Noskova Ludmila N LN Oglezneva Elena E EE Osmolovskaya Tatyana P TP Patyashina Marina A MA Penkovskaya Natalia A NA Samoilova Lada V LV Stepanova Tatyana F TF Trotsenko Olga E OE Totolian Areg A AA

Viruses 20210819 8

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, which came to Russia in March 2020, is accompanied by morbidity level changes and can be tracked using serological monitoring of a representative population sample from Federal Districts (FDs) and individual regions. In a longitudinal cohort study conducted in 26 model regions of Russia, distributed across all FDs, we investigated the distribution and cumulative proportions of individuals with antibodies (Abs) to the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antigen (Ag), in the period fr ...[more]

PMID: 34452512

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Project description:SARS-CoV-2 virus and its variants have proven to be a threat to global health, in part due to their capacity for rapid evolution. SARS-CoV-2 variants that emerged throughout the COVID-19 pandemic exhibited variations in virulence, leading to diminished vaccine protection and modulating disease severity. Research efforts have identified the molecular changes resulting from structural protein variants of SARS-CoV-2, particularly in Spike, that have enhanced infectivity. Yet, investigating variants of nonstructural proteins is equally critical to understand viral evolution and their role in manipulating protein-protein interactions within a host. This study focuses on nonstructural protein 3 (nsp3), a viral papain-like protease (PLpro) critical for viral polyprotein cleavage, which is also implicated in host de-ubiquitylation, ISGylation, and formation of double-membrane vesicles. Using affinity-purification mass spectrometry (AP-MS), we identify differential protein interactions caused by mutations in nsp3. Included are variants identified between 2019-2024: Alpha 20I, Beta20H, Delta21I, Delta21J, Gamma20J, Kappa21B, Lambda21G, Omicron21K, Omicron21L. A small set of amino acid substitutions in the cytosolic fragment and N-terminal region of nsp3 (nsp3.1) could be traced to increased interactions with RNA binding proteins, which are vital in viral replication. Nsp3.1 variants from Omicron 21K and 21L exhibit distinct patterns of host interactor enrichment, setting them apart from five other variants. In contrast, variants of the central region of nsp3 (nsp3.2) containing the PL2pro domain were found to share interactions with protein quality control machinery, including ER-associated degradation (ERAD). In this construct, shared trends in interactor enrichment are observed between Omicron21K and Delta21I, distinguishing them from three other variants. Our study highlights that even a small number of amino acid substitutions can significantly alter the interaction partners. Our study provides a roadmap to track the interaction changes driven by SARS-CoV-2 variant evolution, which is essential for elucidating the ongoing evolutionary arms race between the host and virus.

Project description:BACKGROUND:During the COVID-19 outbreak, healthcare professionals (HCP) are at the frontline of clinical management and at increased risk for infection. The SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence of oncological HCP and their patients has significant implications for oncological care. METHODS:HCP and patients with cancer at the Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna were included between 21 March and 4 June and tested for total antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 employing the Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay. Reactive samples were confirmed or disproved by the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG test. Additionally, a structured questionnaire regarding basic demographic parameters, travel history and COVID-19-associated symptoms had to be completed by HCP. RESULTS:146 subjects (62 HCP and 84 patients with cancer) were enrolled. In the oncological HCP cohort, 20 (32.3%) subjects were medical oncologists, 28 (45.2%) nurses at our ward and 14 (22.6%) fulfil other functions such as study coordinators. In the patient cohort, most individuals are on active anticancer treatment (96.4%). 26% of the HCP and 6% of the patients had symptoms potentially associated with COVID-19 since the end of February 2020. However, only in 2 (3.2%) HCP and in 3 (3.6%) patients, anti-SARS-Cov-2 total antibodies were detected. The second assay for anti-SARS-Cov-2 IgG antibodies confirmed the positive result in all HCP and in 2 (2.4%) patients, suggesting an initial assay's unspecific reaction in one case. In individuals with a confirmed test result, an active COVID-19 infection was documented by a positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA PCR test. CONCLUSION:Specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were found solely in persons after a documented SARS-CoV-2 viral infection, thus supporting the test methods' high sensitivity and specificity. The low prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in our cohorts indicates a lack of immunity against SARS-CoV-2. It highlights the need for continued strict safety measures to prevent uncontrolled viral spread among oncological HCPs and patients with cancer.

Dataset Information

SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Structure of the Russian Population during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Publications

SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Structure of the Russian Population during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

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