Dataset Information

Introgression among North American wild grapes (Vitis) fuels biotic and abiotic adaptation.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Introgressive hybridization can reassort genetic variants into beneficial combinations, permitting adaptation to new ecological niches. To evaluate evolutionary patterns and dynamics that contribute to introgression, we investigate six wild Vitis species that are native to the Southwestern United States and useful for breeding grapevine (V. vinifera) rootstocks.

Results

By creating a reference genome assembly from one wild species, V. arizonica, and by resequencing 130 accessions, we focus on identifying putatively introgressed regions (pIRs) between species. We find six species pairs with signals of introgression between them, comprising up to ~ 8% of the extant genome for some pairs. The pIRs tend to be gene poor, located in regions of high recombination and enriched for genes implicated in disease resistance functions. To assess potential pIR function, we explore SNP associations to bioclimatic variables and to bacterial levels after infection with the causative agent of Pierce's disease (Xylella fastidiosa). pIRs are enriched for SNPs associated with both climate and bacterial levels, suggesting that introgression is driven by adaptation to biotic and abiotic stressors.

Conclusions

Altogether, this study yields insights into the genomic extent of introgression, potential pressures that shape adaptive introgression, and the evolutionary history of economically important wild relatives of a critical crop.

SUBMITTER: Morales-Cruz A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8414701 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Introgression among North American wild grapes (Vitis) fuels biotic and abiotic adaptation.

Morales-Cruz Abraham A Aguirre-Liguori Jonas A JA Zhou Yongfeng Y Minio Andrea A Riaz Summaira S Walker Andrew M AM Cantu Dario D Gaut Brandon S BS

Genome biology 20210903 1

<h4>Background</h4>Introgressive hybridization can reassort genetic variants into beneficial combinations, permitting adaptation to new ecological niches. To evaluate evolutionary patterns and dynamics that contribute to introgression, we investigate six wild Vitis species that are native to the Southwestern United States and useful for breeding grapevine (V. vinifera) rootstocks.<h4>Results</h4>By creating a reference genome assembly from one wild species, V. arizonica, and by resequencing 130 ...[more]

PMID: 34479604

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Project description:The muscadine (Vitis rotundifolia syn. Muscadinia rotundifolia) is an American grape species native to the southeastern United States that has been cultivated for centuries. Muscadines are one of three grape species in subgenus Muscadinia with a chromosome number of 2n = 40 (V. rotundifolia, Vitis munsoniana, and Vitis popenoei), making them genetically distinct from the European wine and table grape (Vitis vinifera) and other species in subgenus Euvitis. Crop improvement efforts have been continuous since the late 19th century, yet the germplasm that served as the foundation for early muscadine breeding efforts was sourced from a relatively small portion of their native range, mostly in the coastal plains of North Carolina. This study used the rhAmpSeq Vitis core panel haplotype markers to genotype 194 Muscadinia accessions from five cultivated populations and 15 wild populations collected across their native range. Wild populations from the western half of the native range were generally less genetically differentiated than hypothesized, but were genetically distinct from the material used in both past and present breeding efforts. One population collected from coastal North Carolina grouped closely with V. munsoniana accessions despite being well outside the reported range for that species. Principal coordinate and structure analyses revealed three main groups within the 194 accessions: one for cultivated material, one for wild V. rotundifolia, and one for V. munsoniana and V. popenoei. At K = 5, structure results showed that more recent muscadine cultivars are further differentiated from wild accessions and varieties. These analyses confirmed our hypothesis that muscadine cultivars are genetically differentiated from their wild counterparts. This study also showed that genetic diversity in V. rotundifolia is not equally distributed across its native range and that the limited number of genotypes used in crop improvement efforts has not fully utilized the genetic diversity within the species.

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Dataset Information

Introgression among North American wild grapes (Vitis) fuels biotic and abiotic adaptation.

Background

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Introgression among North American wild grapes (Vitis) fuels biotic and abiotic adaptation.

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