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HLA-B*15 predicts survival in Egyptian patients with COVID-19.

ABSTRACT: Genetic differences among individuals could affect the clinical presentations and outcomes of COVID-19. Human Leukocyte Antigens are associated with COVID-19 susceptibility, severity, and prognosis. This study aimed to identify HLA-B and -C genotypes among 69 Egyptian patients with COVID-19 and correlate them with disease outcomes and other clinical and laboratory data. HLA-B and -C typing was performed using Luminex-based HLA typing kits. Forty patients (58%) had severe COVID-19; 55% of these patients died, without reported mortality in the moderate group. The alleles associated with severe COVID-19 were HLA-B*41, -B*42, -C*16, and -C*17, whereas HLA-B*15, -C*7, and -C*12 were significantly associated with protection against mortality. Regression analysis showed that HLA-B*15 was the only allele associated with predicted protection against mortality, where the likelihood of survival increased with HLA-B*15 (P < 0.001). Patient survival was less likely to occur with higher total leukocytic count, ferritin, and creatinine levels. This study provides interesting insights into the association between HLA class I alleles and protection from or severity of COVID-19 through immune response modulation. This is the first study to investigate this relationship in Egyptian patients. More studies are needed to understand how HLA class I alleles interact and affect Cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cell function.

SUBMITTER: Abdelhafiz AS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8485223 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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HLA-B*15 predicts survival in Egyptian patients with COVID-19.

Abdelhafiz Ahmed Samir AS Ali Asmaa A Fouda Merhan A MA Sayed Douaa M DM Kamel Mahmoud M MM Kamal Lamyaa Mohamed LM Khalil Mahmoud Ali MA Bakry Rania M RM

Human immunology 20210927 1

Genetic differences among individuals could affect the clinical presentations and outcomes of COVID-19. Human Leukocyte Antigens are associated with COVID-19 susceptibility, severity, and prognosis. This study aimed to identify HLA-B and -C genotypes among 69 Egyptian patients with COVID-19 and correlate them with disease outcomes and other clinical and laboratory data. HLA-B and -C typing was performed using Luminex-based HLA typing kits. Forty patients (58%) had severe COVID-19; 55% of these p ...[more]

PMID: 34607724

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Project description:BackgroundTo date (14 January 2022), the incidence and related mortality rate of COVID-19 in America, Europe, and Asia despite administrated of billions doses of many approved vaccines are still higher than in Egypt. Epigenetic alterations mediate the effects of environmental factors on the regulation of genetic material causing many diseases.ObjectiveWe aimed to explore the methylation status of HeyL promoter, a downstream transcription factor in Notch signal, an important regulator of cell proliferation and differentiation blood, pulmonary epithelial, and nerves cells.MethodsOur objective was achieved by DNA sequencing of the product from methyl-specific PCR of HeyL promoter after bisulfite modification of DNA extracted from the blood samples of 30 COVID-19 patients and 20 control health subjects and studying its association with clinical-pathological biomarkers.ResultsWe found that the HeyL promoter was partial-methylated in Egyptian COVID-19 patients and control healthy subjects compared to full methylated one that was published in GenBank. We identified unmethylated CpG (TG) flanking the response elements within HeyL promoter in Egyptian COVID-19 patients and control healthy subjects vs. methylated CpG (CG) in reference sequence (GenBank). Also, we observed that the frequency of partial-methylated HeyL promoter was higher in COVID-19 patients and associated with aging, fever, severe pneumonia, ageusia/anosmia, and dry cough compared to control healthy subjects.ConclusionWe concluded that hypomethylated HeyL promoter in Egyptian population may facilitate the binding of transcription factors to their binding sites, thus enhancing its regulatory action on the blood, pulmonary epithelium, and nerves cells in contrast to full methylated one that was published in GenBank; thus, addition of demethylating agents to the treatment protocol of COVID-19 may improve the clinical outcomes. Administration of therapy must be based on determination of methylation status of HeyL, a novel prognostic marker for severe illness in COVID-19 patients.

Project description:BackgroundMass vaccination has dramatically reduced the incidence of severe COVID-19, with most cases now presenting as self-limiting upper respiratory tract infections. However, those with co-morbidities, the elderly and immunocompromised, as well as the unvaccinated, remain disproportionately vulnerable to severe COVID-19 and its sequelae. Furthermore, as the effectiveness of vaccination wanes with time, immune escape SARS-CoV-2 variants could emerge to cause severe COVID-19. Reliable prognostic biomarkers for severe disease could be used as early indicator of re-emergence of severe COVID-19 as well as for triaging of patients for antiviral therapy.MethodsWe performed a systematic review and re-analysis of 7 publicly available datasets, analysing a total of 140 severe and 181 mild COVID-19 patients, to determine the most consistent differentially regulated genes in peripheral blood of severe COVID-19 patients. In addition, we included an independent cohort where blood transcriptomics of COVID-19 patients were prospectively and longitudinally monitored previously, to track the time in which these gene expression changes occur before nadir of respiratory function. Single cell RNA-sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from publicly available datasets was then used to determine the immune cell subsets involved.FindingsThe most consistent differentially regulated genes in peripheral blood of severe COVID-19 patients were MCEMP1, HLA-DRA and ETS1 across the 7 transcriptomics datasets. Moreover, we found significantly heightened MCEMP1 and reduced HLA-DRA expression as early as four days before the nadir of respiratory function, and the differential expression of MCEMP1 and HLA-DRA occurred predominantly in CD14+ cells. The online platform which we developed is publicly available at https://kuanrongchan-covid19-severity-app-t7l38g.streamlitapp.com/, for users to query gene expression differences between severe and mild COVID-19 patients in these datasets.InterpretationElevated MCEMP1 and reduced HLA-DRA gene expression in CD14+ cells during the early phase of disease are prognostic of severe COVID-19.FundingK.R.C is funded by the National Medical Research Council (NMRC) of Singapore under the Open Fund Individual Research Grant (MOH-000610). E.E.O. is funded by the NMRC Senior Clinician-Scientist Award (MOH-000135-00). J.G.H.L. is funded by the NMRC under the Clinician-Scientist Award (NMRC/CSAINV/013/2016-01). S.K. is funded by the NMRC under the Transition Award. This study was sponsored in part by a generous gift from The Hour Glass.

Project description:BackgroundEven with the mild form of COVID-19, people need to practice the proper preventive measures to achieve health, safety and control spread of infection. Few studies assessed sound disinfection and rehabilitative knowledge. This study aims to assess the self-reported, knowledge of specific disinfection measures among post-recovery COVID-19 patients and identifying the most requested knowledge items regarding the prevention and post COVID rehabilitation measures.MethodsThis is an exploratory cross-sectional study using an electronically open survey. A pre-tested e-questionnaire was employed for data assembling. The sample size was calculated and a total of 417 people completed the questionnaire. Knowledge score was calculated for preventive and disinfection measures during and after COVID 19 infection. It comprised three sections: socio-demographics, study participants' knowledge regarding precautions, disinfection, and rehabilitation measures, as well as sources of knowledge about COVID-19.ResultsAll participants infected with COVID-19 (82%) reported self-isolation for ten days after confirming the infection, with only 18% required hospitalization. Regarding the information needed by the participants, the highest requests were for the rehabilitation information after COVID-19 and preventive measures. Females under 30 years old and those with a college education or higher were significantly more likely to request rehabilitation information after COVID-19 (P-value 0.05). Nevertheless, males were significantly more interested in information regarding preventive measures; They were over 30 years old and had education below university (P-value 0.05). Participants (above 30 years old) had significantly higher knowledge of preventive and disinfection measures during and after COVID-19 infection (P = 0.030).ConclusionAfter the COVID-19 experience, most participants demonstrated a great desire for rehabilitation information and proper preventive measures. This paves the way for delivering self-management and rehabilitation knowledge and emphasizing the significance of various prevention modalities.

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HLA-B*15 predicts survival in Egyptian patients with COVID-19.

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HLA-B*15 predicts survival in Egyptian patients with COVID-19.

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