Correction to: Process-property correlations in laser-induced graphene electrodes for electrochemical sensing.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Behrent A
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8496629 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jul
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Correction to: Process-property correlations in laser-induced graphene electrodes for electrochemical sensing.
Behrent Arne A Griesche Christian C Sippel Paul P Baeumner Antje J AJ
Mikrochimica acta 20210710 8
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Project description:Laser-induced graphene (LIG) has emerged as a promising electrode material for electrochemical point-of-care diagnostics. LIG offers a large specific surface area and excellent electron transfer at low-cost in a binder-free and rapid fabrication process that lends itself well to mass production outside of the cleanroom. Various LIG micromorphologies can be generated when altering the energy input parameters, and it was investigated here which impact this has on their electroanalytical characteristics and performance. Energy input is well controlled by the laser power, scribing speed, and laser pulse density. Once the threshold of required energy input is reached a broad spectrum of conditions leads to LIG with micromorphologies ranging from delicate irregular brush structures obtained at fast, high energy input, to smoother and more wall like albeit still porous materials. Only a fraction of these LIG structures provided high conductance which is required for appropriate electroanalytical performance. Here, it was found that low, frequent energy input provided the best electroanalytical material, i.e., low levels of power and speed in combination with high spatial pulse density. For example, the sensitivity for the reduction of K3[Fe(CN)6] was increased almost 2-fold by changing fabrication parameters from 60% power and 100% speed to 1% power and 10% speed. These general findings can be translated to any LIG fabrication process independent of devices used. The simple fabrication process of LIG electrodes, their good electroanalytical performance as demonstrated here with a variety of (bio)analytically relevant molecules including ascorbic acid, dopamine, uric acid, p-nitrophenol, and paracetamol, and possible application to biological samples make them ideal and inexpensive transducers for electrochemical (bio)sensors, with the potential to replace the screen-printed systems currently dominating in on-site sensors used.
| S-EPMC8026455 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The fabrication of laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrodes by direct laser writing techniques has received considerable attention due to its simplicity, versatility, and cost-effectiveness for electrochemical applications in both sensing and energy storage. In general, a single-lasing irradiation process is used to prepare LIG electrodes. However, the intrinsic features of LIG can be further improved by taking advantage of additional lasing processes, even without any chemical treatments. In this work, we investigated the potential enhancement of LIG's electrochemical performance through a double-lasing irradiation process. This process does not require any chemical modification of the LIG to improve its electrochemical performance. Importantly, we revealed the correlation between laser irradiation and the properties of LIG electrodes prepared through the lasing process. We evaluated the characteristics of LIG electrodes prepared by the single-lasing and double-lasing irradiation regarding their microstructures and electrochemical features, including the sheet resistance (RS), specific areal capacitance (CA), peak-to-peak separation (ΔEP), and peak current. The double-lasing LIG exhibited improved electrochemical properties, especially low RS and ΔEP values. This improvement results from a higher degree of graphitization, making them advantageous for developing electrochemical sensors. This was demonstrated by the improved electrochemical sensing of H2O2 using the double-lasing LIG.
| S-EPMC11901533 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In this study, we explored the morphological and electrochemical properties of carbon-based electrodes derived from laser-induced graphene (LIG) and compared them to commercially available graphene-sheet screen-printed electrodes (GS-SPEs). By optimizing the laser parameters (average laser power, speed, and focus) using a design of experiments response surface (DoE-RS) approach, binder-free LIG electrodes were achieved in a single-step process. Traditional trial-and-error methods can be time-consuming and may not capture the interactions between all variables effectively. To address this, we focused on linear resistance and substrate delamination to streamline the DoE-RS optimization process. Two LIGs, designated LIG A and LIG B, were fabricated using distinct and optimized laser settings, which resulted in a sheet resistance of 25 ± 2 Ω/sq and 21 ± 1 Ω/sq, respectively. These LIGs, characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and contact angle analysis, exhibited a highly porous morphology with 13% pore coverage and a contact angle <50°, which significantly increased their hydrophilicity when compared to the GS-SPE. For the electrochemical studies, the oxidation of NO2- ion by the graphene-based working electrodes was investigated, as it allowed for the direct comparison of the LIGs to the GS-SPE. These included cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and differential pulsed voltammetry studies, which revealed that LIG electrodes displayed a remarkable 500% increase in peak current during NO2- oxidation compared to the GS-SPE. The LIGs also demonstrated improved stability and sensitivity (420 ± 30 and 570 ± 10 nAμM-1 cm-2) compared to the GS-SPE (73 ± 4 nAμM-1 cm-2) in the oxidation of NO2- ions; however, LIG B was more susceptible to ionic interference than LIG A. These findings highlight the value of applying statistical approaches such as DoE-RS to systematically improve the LIG fabrication process, enabling the rapid production of optimized LIGs that outperform conventional carbon-based electrodes.
| S-EPMC11615855 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The successful development of a metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived Co/Co3O4/C core-shell composite integrated into laser-induced graphitic (LIG) carbon electrodes for electrochemical sensing is reported. The sensors are fabricated via a direct laser scribing technique using a UV laser (355 nm wavelength) to induce the photothermolysis of rationally selected ZIF-67 into the LIG matrix. Electrochemical characterization reveals that the incorporation of the laser-scribed ZIF-67-derived composite on the electrode surface reduces the impedance more than 100 times compared with bare LIG sensors. Comprehensive morphological, structural, and chemical analyses confirm the formation of porous LIG from the laser irradiation of polyimide, while the LIG+ZIF-67-derived composites feature size-controlled and uniformly distributed Co/Co3O4 core/shell nanoparticles (NPs) in the semihollow wasp-nest-like carbon matrix from photothermal decomposition of ZIF-67, embedded within the LIG electrode area. The high surface area and porosity of this ZIF-67-derived nitrogen-rich carbon facilitate charge transfer processes, whereas size-controlled Co/Co3O4 core/shell NPs offer accessible electrochemical active sites, making these LIG+ZIF-67-derived composite-based sensors promising materials for applications requiring high charge injection capability and low electrode/electrolyte interface impedance. The PI+Z67L sensor exhibited a 400 times higher specific capacitance (2.4 mF cm-2) compared to the PIL sensor (6 μF cm-2). This laser scribing approach enables the rapid and cost-effective fabrication of high-performance electrochemical sensors enhanced by the integration of tailored MOF-derived composites.
| S-EPMC11744510 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Glyphosate is a globally applied herbicide yet it has been relatively undetectable in-field samples outside of gold-standard techniques. Its presumed nontoxicity toward humans has been contested by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, while it has been detected in farmers' urine, surface waters and crop residues. Rapid, on-site detection of glyphosate is hindered by lack of field-deployable and easy-to-use sensors that circumvent sample transportation to limited laboratories that possess the equipment needed for detection. Herein, the flavoenzyme, glycine oxidase, immobilized on platinum-decorated laser-induced graphene (LIG) is used for selective detection of glyphosate as it is a substrate for GlyOx. The LIG platform provides a scaffold for enzyme attachment while maintaining the electronic and surface properties of graphene. The sensor exhibits a linear range of 10-260 µ m, detection limit of 3.03 µ m, and sensitivity of 0.991 nA µ m -1. The sensor shows minimal interference from the commonly used herbicides and insecticides: atrazine, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, dicamba, parathion-methyl, paraoxon-methyl, malathion, chlorpyrifos, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, and imidacloprid. Sensor function is further tested in complex river water and crop residue fluids, which validate this platform as a scalable, direct-write, and selective method of glyphosate detection for herbicide mapping and food analysis.
| S-EPMC9463521 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We have recently reported laser-induced fibers (LIF) as a promising nanomaterial that possesses good electrochemical activity and are easily manufacturable. In this paper, for the first time, the application of LIF as functionalization materials on laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrodes for the detection of nitrate is demonstrated. The as-fabricated LIF surfaces on Kapton were extracted by ultrasonication as a dispersion and were used to modify the surface of the LIG electrode. An enhancement in active surface area from 0.669 cm2 for bare LIG to 0.83 cm2 for LIF-modified LIG was observed. Similarly, the heterogeneous electron transfer rate increased from 0.190 to 0.346 cm s-1 for LIF/LIG electrodes. The electrochemical detection of nitrite was achieved by modifying the LIG with a nanocomposite of LIF and copper phthalocyanine (CuPc). The presence of CuPc provided the desired catalytic activity towards the oxidation of nitrite, and the LIF enhanced the electron transfer to the electrode. Such a synergetic combination of the LIF embedded with CuPc enabled reaching a low limit of detection (LoD) of 0.12 μM, a large linear range from 10 to 10 000 μM and good selectivity in the presence of potential interferants. The sensor had a long shelf life of 30 days and good analytical capability to detect nitrite in mineral, tap, and groundwater. The potential of LIF is largely unexplored and the findings reported here on the fibers would open manifold opportunities for realizing novel applications.
| S-EPMC11381946 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Laser irradiation of polymeric materials has drawn great attention as a fast, simple, and cost-effective method for the formation of porous graphene films that can be subsequently fabricated into low-cost and flexible electronic and energy-storage devices. In this work, we report a systematic study of the formation of laser-induced graphene (LIG) with sheet resistances as low as 9.4 Ω/sq on parylene-C ultrathin membranes under a CO2 infrared laser. Raman analysis proved the formation of the multilayered graphenic material, with ID/IG and I2D/IG peak ratios of 0.42 and 0.65, respectively. As a proof of concept, parylene-C LIG was used as the electrode material for the fabrication of ultrathin, solid-state microsupercapacitors (MSCs) via a one-step, scalable, and cost-effective approach, aiming at future flexible and wearable applications. The produced LIG-MSC on parylene-C exhibited good electrochemical behavior, with a specific capacitance of 1.66 mF/cm2 and an excellent cycling stability of 96% after 10 000 cycles (0.5 mA/cm2). This work allows one to further extend the knowledge in LIG processes, widening the group of precursor materials as well as promoting future applications. Furthermore, it reinforces the potential of parylene-C as a key material for next-generation biocompatible and flexible electronic devices.
| S-EPMC9585513 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The development of flexible sensors based on laser-induced graphene (LIG) has recently attracted much attention. It was commonly generated by laser-ablating commercial polyimide (PI). However, the weak mechanical extensibility of PI limits the development and diversified applications of LIG-based sensors. In this work, we adopted medical polyurethane (PU) tapes to peel off the LIG generated on PI and developed flexible and wearable sensors based on the proposed LIG/PU composite structure. Compared with other methods for LIG transfer, PU tape has many advantages, including a simplified process and being less time-consuming. We characterized the LIG samples generated under different laser powers and analyzed the property differences introduced by the transfer operation. We then studied the impact of fabrication mode on the strain sensitivity of the LIG/PU and optimized the design of a LIG/PU-based strain sensor, which possessed a gauge factor (GF) of up to 263.6 in the strain range of 75-90%. In addition, we designed a capacitive pressure sensor for tactile sensing, which is composed of two LIG/PU composite structures and a PI space layer. These LIG flexible devices can be used for human motion monitoring and tactile perception in sports events. This work provides a simple, fast, and low-cost way for the preparation of multifunctional sensor systems with good performance, which has a broad application prospect in human motion monitoring.
| S-EPMC10573838 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Laser-induced graphene (LIG) has received great interest as a potential candidate for electronic and sensing applications. In the present study, we report the enhanced performance of a manganese carbonate-decorated LIG (MnCO3/LIG) composite electrode material employed for electrochemical glucose detection. Initially, the porous LIG was fabricated by directly lasing poly(ether sulfone) membrane substrate. Then, the MnCO3/LIG composite was synthesized via a hydrothermal method. Later, MnCO3/LIG was immobilized onto a glassy carbon electrode surface and employed for glucose detection. The structure of the MnCO3/LIG composite was carefully characterized. The influence of the MnCO3/LIG composite on the performance of the electrode was investigated using cyclic voltammetry curves. The MnCO3/LIG composite exhibited an excellent sensitivity of 2731.2 μA mM-1 cm-2, and a limit of detection of 2.2 μM was obtained for the detection of glucose. Overall, the performance of the MnCO3/LIG composite was found to be superior to that of most of the MnCO3-based composites.
| S-EPMC10882677 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Carbon-based electrodes have demonstrated great promise as electrochemical transducers in the development of biosensors. More recently, laser-induced graphene (LIG), a graphene derivative, appears as a great candidate due to its superior electron transfer characteristics, high surface area and simplicity in its synthesis. The continuous interest in the development of cost-effective, more stable and reliable biosensors for glucose detection make them the most studied and explored within the academic and industry community. In this work, the electrochemistry of glucose oxidase (GOx) adsorbed on LIG electrodes is studied in detail. In addition to the well-known electroactivity of free flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), the cofactor of GOx, at the expected half-wave potential of -0.490 V vs. Ag/AgCl (1 M KCl), a new well-defined redox pair at 0.155 V is observed and shown to be related to LIG/GOx interaction. A systematic study was undertaken in order to understand the origin of this activity, including scan rate and pH dependence, along with glucose detection tests. Two protons and two electrons are involved in this reaction, which is shown to be sensitive to the concentration of glucose, restraining its origin to the electron transfer from FAD in the active site of GOx to the electrode via direct or mediated by quinone derivatives acting as mediators.
| S-EPMC8401569 | biostudies-literature