Dataset Information

The long shadow of childhood trauma for depression in midlife: examining daily psychological stress processes as a persistent risk pathway.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Childhood trauma (CT) increases the risk of adult depression. Buffering effects require an understanding of the underlying persistent risk pathways. This study examined whether daily psychological stress processes - how an individual interprets and affectively responds to minor everyday events - mediate the effect of CT on adult depressive symptoms.

Methods

Middle-aged women (N = 183) reported CT at baseline and completed daily diaries of threat appraisals and negative evening affect for 7 days at baseline, 9, and 18 months. Depressive symptoms were measured across the 1.5-year period. Mediation was examined using multilevel structural equation modeling.

Results

Reported CT predicted greater depressive symptoms over the 1.5-year time period (estimate = 0.27, s.e. = 0.07, 95% CI 0.15-0.38, p < 0.001). Daily threat appraisals and negative affect mediated the effect of reported CT on depressive symptoms (estimate = 0.34, s.e. = 0.08, 95% CI 0.22-0.46, p < 0.001). Daily threat appraisals explained more than half of this effect (estimate = 0.19, s.e. = 0.07, 95% CI 0.08-0.30, p = 0.004). Post hoc analyses in individuals who reported at least moderate severity of CT showed that lower threat appraisals buffered depressive symptoms. A similar pattern was found in individuals who reported no/low severity of CT.

Conclusions

A reported history of CT acts as a latent vulnerability, exaggerating threat appraisals of everyday events, which trigger greater negative evening affect - processes that have important mental health consequences and may provide malleable intervention targets.

SUBMITTER: Mayer SE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8647837 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The long shadow of childhood trauma for depression in midlife: examining daily psychological stress processes as a persistent risk pathway.

Mayer Stefanie E SE Surachman Agus A Prather Aric A AA Puterman Eli E Delucchi Kevin L KL Irwin Michael R MR Danese Andrea A Almeida David M DM Epel Elissa S ES

Psychological medicine 20210326

<h4>Background</h4>Childhood trauma (CT) increases the risk of adult depression. Buffering effects require an understanding of the underlying persistent risk pathways. This study examined whether daily psychological stress processes - how an individual interprets and affectively responds to minor everyday events - mediate the effect of CT on adult depressive symptoms.<h4>Methods</h4>Middle-aged women (N = 183) reported CT at baseline and completed daily diaries of threat appraisals and negative ...[more]

PMID: 33766171

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Project description:BackgroundThe psychosocial factors play an important role in the development of depression in adolescents. we used metabolomics techniques to explore the links among childhood trauma, rumination, resilience, and adolescent depression.MethodsWe selected 57 adolescent depression patients and 53 healthy adolescents. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and Redundant Thinking Response Scale (RRS) were employed for the purpose of psychological assessment. The patients were regrouped according to their scores using the 27% high-low grouping method. Blood specimens were collected from all adolescents and metabolic data were obtained using LC-MS.ResultsWe found no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of age, gender, and body mass index (BMI). HAMD, CTQ, and RRS scores were significantly higher in the adolescent depression group (MDD) than in the adolescent healthy control group (HC), and CD-RISP scores were significantly lower than in the HC group (P < 0.001). There were significant differences between the low childhood trauma group (LCT) and high childhood trauma group (HCT), the low rumination group (LRR) and high rumination group (HRR), and the low resilience group (LPR) and high resilience group (HPR) (P < 0.001). RRS, CTQ and HAMD scores were positively correlated, RRS and CTQ scores were positively correlated, CD-RIS was negatively correlated with HAMD, RRS and CTQ scores (P < 0.01). More importantly, we found that DHEAS and LPA (22:6) were identified as significant differential metabolites in both the depressed and normal groups, as well as in the high and low childhood trauma groups. N-Acetyl-L-aspartic acid and DHEAS were identified as significant differential metabolites in both the depressed and normal groups, as well as in the high and low childhood rumination groups. Pseudouridine and LPA(22:6) were identified as significant differential metabolites in both the depressed and normal groups, as well as in the high and low childhood resilience groups.ConclusionPsychological factors (childhood trauma, rumination, resilience) are biologically linked to the development of depression in adolescents. The impact of rumination on adolescent depression may be associated with DHEA. The impact of childhood trauma and resilience on adolescent depression may be associated with LPA (22:6).

Project description:A greater understanding of why some people are more at risk of developing PTSD is required. We examine the relationship between temperament traits in early childhood and subsequent trauma exposure and risk of PTSD. We used data on 2017 participants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Temperament was measured using the Carey Infant Temperament Scale (average score from ages 6 and 24 months). This provided data on 9 individuals traits, and Easy, Medium, and Difficult temperament clusters. Trauma exposure was measured from 0 to 17 years, and PTSD at age 23 years using the PTSD Checklist for DSM-V (PCL-5). Regression models were used to estimate associations between temperament and both trauma and PTSD, and to examine mediation (of temperament to PTSD pathway) and interaction (temperament X trauma on PTSD) effects. 1178 (58.4%) individuals were exposed to a trauma in childhood and 112 (5.5%) had PTSD. Higher levels of Intensity were associated with a small increase in trauma exposure (ORadjusted 1.23, 95% CI 1.12, 1.34; p < 0.001) and PTSD (ORadjusted 1.27, 95% CI 1.05, 1.54; p = 0.012). Higher levels of Activity, Adaptability, Mood and Threshold temperament traits were also associated with trauma exposure. Medium (ORadjusted 1.49, 95% CI 1.21, 1.84; p < 0.001) and Difficult (ORadjusted 1.47, 95% CI 1.18, 1.84; p = 0.001) temperament clusters were associated with increased trauma exposure compared to an Easy cluster, but were not associated with PTSD. The relationship between trait Intensity and adult PTSD was partially mediated by childhood/adolescent trauma (Indirect ORadjusted 1.08, 95% CI 1.01, 1.16, p = 0.024, proportion mediated 26.2%). There was some evidence that trait Intensity modified the relationship between trauma and PTSD (ORadjusted 1.66, 95% CI 1.07, 2.55, p = 0.023). PTSD in early adulthood is more common in those with intense stimuli responsiveness in childhood. Temperament traits might be useful predictors of trauma exposure and mental health outcomes and offer potential targets for supportive interventions.

Dataset Information

The long shadow of childhood trauma for depression in midlife: examining daily psychological stress processes as a persistent risk pathway.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

The long shadow of childhood trauma for depression in midlife: examining daily psychological stress processes as a persistent risk pathway.

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