TNF plays a crucial role in inflammation by signaling via T cell TNFR2.

ABSTRACT: TNF, produced largely by T and innate immune cells, is potently proinflammatory, as are cytokines such as IFN-γ and IL-17 produced by Th1 and Th17 cells, respectively. Here, we asked if TNF is upstream of Th skewing toward inflammatory phenotypes. Exposure of mouse CD4⁺ T cells to TNF and TGF-β generated Th17 cells that express low levels of IL-17 (ROR-γt⁺IL-17^lo) and high levels of inflammatory markers independently of IL-6 and STAT3. This was mediated by the nondeath TNF receptor TNFR2, which also contributed to the generation of inflammatory Th1 cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing of central nervous system-infiltrating CD4⁺ T cells in mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) found an inflammatory gene expression profile similar to c

SUBMITTER: Alam MS 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8685675 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature