Dataset Information

SARS-CoV-2 infections in patients with autoimmune blistering disorders: A case series and retrospective analysis.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Autoimmune blistering disorders (AIBDs) are rare, potentially life-threatening conditions often requiring immunosuppression. Throughout the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, infection risk and mortality in patients with AIBDs are unknown.

Objective

We report the outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infections in patients with AIBDs and determined if patients on rituximab have an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods

We examined clinical outcomes in 10 patients with AIBDs who developed SARS-CoV-2 infections at an American hospital. We performed a retrospective analysis of 132 patients with AIBDs enrolled in a clinical trial.

Results

Patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 (n = 4) or death (n = 2) trended to be older. These patients had higher mortality than the national average (20% vs 1.6%). Our cohort included 52 patients with a history of rituximab treatment, 35 of whom were immunosuppressed by rituximab during the pandemic, and 45 patients never treated with rituximab. We found no difference between the rates of SARS-CoV-2 positivity in patients with AIBDs immunosuppressed by rituximab and those not on rituximab (9.1% vs 12.1%).

Limitations

Testing for SARS-CoV-2 was performed on demand rather than surveillance. Overall transmission varied over time, and outcomes depended on accepted treatments. The small sample size of our cohort limits the generalizability of our results.

Conclusion

This study suggests that rituximab does not increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 test positivity in patients with AIBDs. However, these results should be interpreted with caution due to our relatively small sample size.

SUBMITTER: Breglio KF

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8784432 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

SARS-CoV-2 infections in patients with autoimmune blistering disorders: A case series and retrospective analysis.

Breglio Kimberly F KF Sarver Melissa M MM Hall Russell P RP Marano Anne L AL

JAAD international 20220124

<h4>Background</h4>Autoimmune blistering disorders (AIBDs) are rare, potentially life-threatening conditions often requiring immunosuppression. Throughout the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, infection risk and mortality in patients with AIBDs are unknown.<h4>Objective</h4>We report the outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infections in patients with AIBDs and determined if patients on rituximab have an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.<h4>Methods</h4>We examined clinical outcomes in 10 patients with AIBDs who deve ...[more]

PMID: 35098172

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Project description:BackgroundAs of April 18, 2020, over 2,000,000 patients had been diagnosed with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) globally, and more than 140,000 deaths had been reported. The clinical and epidemiological characteristics of adult patients have been documented recently. However, information on pediatric patients is limited. We describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pediatric patients to provide valuable insight into the early diagnosis and assessment of COVID-19 in children.Methods and findingsThis retrospective, observational study involves a case series performed at 4 hospitals in West China. Thirty-four pediatric patients with COVID-19 were included from January 27 to February 23, 2020. The final follow-up visit was completed by March 16, 2020. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics were analyzed on the basis of demographic data, medical history, laboratory tests, radiological findings, and treatment information. Data analysis was performed for 34 pediatrics patients with COVID-19 aged from 1 to 144 months (median 33.00, interquartile range 10.00-94.25), among whom 14 males (41%) were included. All the patients in the current study presented mild (18%) or moderate (82%) forms of COVID-19. A total of 48% of patients were noted to be without a history of exposure to an identified source. Mixed infections of other respiratory pathogens were reported in 16 patients (47%). Comorbidities were reported in 6 patients (18%). The most common initial symptoms were fever (76%) and cough (62%). Expectoration (21%), vomiting (12%), and diarrhea (12%) were also reported in a considerable portion of cases. A substantial increase was detected in serum amyloid A for 17 patients (among 20 patients with available data; 85%) and in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein for 17 patients (among 29 patients with available data; 59%), whereas a decrease in prealbumin was noticed in 25 patients (among 32 patients with available data; 78%). In addition, significant increases in the levels of lactate dehydrogenase and α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase were detected in 28 patients (among 34 patients with available data; 82%) and 25 patients (among 34 patients with available data; 74%), respectively. Patchy lesions in lobules were detected by chest computed tomographic scans in 28 patients (82%). Ground-glass opacities, which were a typical feature in adults, were rare in pediatric patients (3%). Rapid radiologic progression and a late-onset pattern of lesions in the lobules were also noticed. Lesions in lobules still existed in 24 (among 32 patients with lesions; 75%) patients that were discharged, although the main symptoms disappeared a few days after treatment. All patients were discharged, and the median duration of hospitalization was 10.00 (8.00-14.25) days. The current study was limited by the small sample size and a lack of dynamic detection of inflammatory markers.ConclusionsOur data systemically presented the clinical and epidemiological features, as well as the outcomes, of pediatric patients with COVID-19. Stratified analysis was performed between mild and moderate cases. The findings offer new insight into early identification and intervention in pediatric patients with COVID-19.

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Dataset Information

SARS-CoV-2 infections in patients with autoimmune blistering disorders: A case series and retrospective analysis.

Background

Objective

Methods

Results

Limitations

Conclusion

Publications

SARS-CoV-2 infections in patients with autoimmune blistering disorders: A case series and retrospective analysis.

Similar Datasets

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