Dataset Information

Effective Two-Stage Heterotrophic Cultivation of the Unicellular Green Microalga Chromochloris zofingiensis Enabled Ultrahigh Biomass and Astaxanthin Production.

ABSTRACT: Chromochloris zofingiensis has obtained particular interest as a promising candidate for natural astaxanthin production. In this study, we established a two-stage heterotrophic cultivation process, by using which both the growth of C. zofingiensis and astaxanthin accumulation are substantially enhanced. Specifically, the ultrahigh biomass concentration of 221.3 g L^-1 was achieved under the optimum culture conditions in 7.5 L fermenter during 12 days. When scaled-up in the 500 L fermentor, the biomass yield reached 182.3 g L^-1 in 9 days, while the astaxanthin content was 0.068% of DW. To further promote astaxanthin accumulation, gibberellic Acid-3 (GA3) was screened from a variety of phytohormones and was combined with increased C/N ratio and NaCl concentration for induction. When C. zofingiensis was grown with the two-stage cultivation strategy, the astaxanthin yield reached 0.318 g L^-1, of which the biomass yield was 235.4 g L^-1 and astaxanthin content was 0.144% of DW. The content of the total fatty acids increased from 23 to 42% of DW simultaneously. Such an astaxanthin yield was 5.4-fold higher than the reported highest record and surpassed the level of Haematococcus pluvialis. This study demonstrated that heterotrophic cultivation of C. zofingiensis is competitive for industrial astaxanthin production.

SUBMITTER: Chen Q

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8907917 | biostudies-literature | 2022

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effective Two-Stage Heterotrophic Cultivation of the Unicellular Green Microalga Chromochloris zofingiensis Enabled Ultrahigh Biomass and Astaxanthin Production.

Chen Qiaohong Q Chen Yi Y Xu Quan Q Jin Hu H Hu Qiang Q Han Danxiang D

Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology 20220224

Chromochloris zofingiensis has obtained particular interest as a promising candidate for natural astaxanthin production. In this study, we established a two-stage heterotrophic cultivation process, by using which both the growth of C. zofingiensis and astaxanthin accumulation are substantially enhanced. Specifically, the ultrahigh biomass concentration of 221.3 g L-1 was achieved under the optimum culture conditions in 7.5 L fermenter during 12 days. When scaled-u ...[more]

PMID: 35284408

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Project description:Carotenoids are essential pigments in photosynthesis and other physiological processes, present in various organisms. Microalgae are considered an important natural source for the commercial production of some of these compounds. The accumulation of the carotenoids astaxanthin and lutein in response to nitrogen and light availability has been optimized in continuous photoautotrophic cultures of Chromochloris zofingiensis. Astaxanthin cellular content increased significantly as the nitrate concentration in the feed medium decreased, while that of lutein remained largely unchanged. The cellular levels of lutein and astaxanthin were inversely correlated with the nitrogen content of the biomass. Thus, for 4% N in the dry biomass, accumulation of astaxanthin was highest and that of lutein lowest. The opposite was recorded for 9% N. Average irradiance positively affected lutein accumulation at both high and low nitrate, whereas that of astaxanthin did only increase under nitrogen-limiting conditions. An integrated analysis of transcriptomics and carotenoid profiling data provides evidence that the response to nitrogen is more significant than that to light availability, and that a synergy exists between both factors, with enhancement of their individual effects. Regulation appears to be orchestrated at several levels: the expression pattern of cyclases suggests a redirection of lycopene to β-carotene, which is converted into astaxanthin through overexpression of BKT1. In turn, slightly higher lutein values are achieved by altering the α-carotene/lutein ratio, due to upregulation of CYP97A1 and CYP97C, especially under high irradiance conditions. The differential responses of astaxanthin and lutein to nitrogen and light availability could enable the programmed generation of C. zofingiensis biomass in continuous culture with a specific astaxanthin to lutein ratio, through careful adjustment of the nitrate concentration in the feed medium, using light irradiance as a modulator.

Dataset Information

Effective Two-Stage Heterotrophic Cultivation of the Unicellular Green Microalga Chromochloris zofingiensis Enabled Ultrahigh Biomass and Astaxanthin Production.

Publications

Effective Two-Stage Heterotrophic Cultivation of the Unicellular Green Microalga <i>Chromochloris zofingiensis</i> Enabled Ultrahigh Biomass and Astaxanthin Production.

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