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Protective Effects of Familial Longevity Decrease With Age and Become Negligible for Centenarians.

ABSTRACT: It is known that biological relatives of long-lived individuals demonstrate lower mortality and longer life span compared to relatives of shorter-lived individuals, and at least part of this advantage is likely to be genetic. Less information, however, is available about effects of familial longevity on age-specific mortality trajectories. We compared mortality patterns after age 50 years for 10 045 siblings of US centenarians and 12 308 siblings of shorter-lived individuals (died at age 65 years). Similar comparisons were made for sons and daughters of longer-lived parents (both parents lived 80 years and more) and shorter-lived parents (both parents lived less than 80 years) within each group of siblings. Although relatives of longer-lived individuals have lower mortality at younger ages compared to relatives of shorter-lived individuals, this mortality advantage practically disappears by age 100 years. To validate this observation further, we analyzed the survival of 3 408 US centenarians born in 1890-1897 with known information on maternal and paternal life span. We found using the Cox proportional hazards model that both maternal and paternal longevity (life span 80+ years) is not significantly associated with survival after age 100 years. The results are compatible with the predictions of reliability theory of aging suggesting higher initial levels of system redundancy (reserves) in individuals with protective familial/genetic background and hence lower initial mortality. Heterogeneity hypothesis is another possible explanation for the observed phenomena.

SUBMITTER: Gavrilova NS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8974328 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Protective Effects of Familial Longevity Decrease With Age and Become Negligible for Centenarians.

Gavrilova Natalia S NS Gavrilov Leonid A LA

The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences 20220401 4

It is known that biological relatives of long-lived individuals demonstrate lower mortality and longer life span compared to relatives of shorter-lived individuals, and at least part of this advantage is likely to be genetic. Less information, however, is available about effects of familial longevity on age-specific mortality trajectories. We compared mortality patterns after age 50 years for 10 045 siblings of US centenarians and 12 308 siblings of shorter-lived individuals (died at age 65 year ...[more]

PMID: 34929024

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Project description:Background Large fluctuations in blood glucose levels greatly impact the health and life span of elderly individuals. This study describes the characteristics of variability in glycemic indices in centenarians with the aim of emphasizing the importance of glycemic variability in elderly people. Methods We recruited individuals from Rugao City, Jiangsu Province, China from April 2020 to May 2021. The study cohort included 60 centenarians and 60 first-generation offspring, as well as 20 randomly selected non-cohabitant control individuals aged 60–80 years. A FreeStyle Libre H (hospital version) continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) device (Abbott Ireland UK) was used to measure glycemic variability. The indices measured included the time in target glucose range (TIR), time below target glucose range (TBR), time above target glucose range (TAR), mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), mean of daily differences (MODD), coefficient of variation (CV), standard deviation of blood glucose (SDBG), continuous overlapping net glycemic action (CONGA), glucose management indicator (GMI) and estimated glycated hemoglobin (eHbA1c). Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between glycemic variability and longevity. Results Mean blood glucose (MBG), eHbA1c, GMI, mean fasting plasma glucose (M-FPG) and CONGA were lower in the centenarian group (p all < 0.05). PPGE-2 was higher in the control group than that measured in the centenarian and first-generation offspring groups (p < 0.05). There were no differences between the groups in MAGE, MODD, MAG, or TIR (p > 0.05). The risk of not achieving longevity increased with each one unit increase in MBG by 126% [2.26 (1.05–4.91)], eHbA1c by 67% [1.67 (1.03–2.72)], GMI by 568% [6.68 (1.11–40.30)], M-FPG by 365% [4.65 (1.57–13.75)], M-PPG1h by 98% [1.98 (1.18–3.31)], CONGA1 by 102% [2.02 (1.01–4.06)], Li by 200% [3.00 (1.04–8.61)], and PPGE-2 by 150% [2.50 (1.39–4.50)]. However, the risk of achieving longevity decreased with each unit increase of LBGI by 53% [0.47 (0.28–0.80)], ADRR by 60% [0.40 (0.18–0.86)], and TBR by 11% [0.89 (0.80–0.98)]. Conclusion Fluctuation in blood glucose levels in centenarians is relatively small. Maintaining an average blood glucose level and keeping blood glucose fluctuations in the normal range is conducive to longevity.

Dataset Information

Protective Effects of Familial Longevity Decrease With Age and Become Negligible for Centenarians.

Publications

Protective Effects of Familial Longevity Decrease With Age and Become Negligible for Centenarians.

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