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Highly Photostable Carbon Dots from Citric Acid for Bioimaging.

ABSTRACT: Bioimaging supported by nanoparticles requires low cost, highly emissive and photostable systems with low cytotoxicity. Carbon dots (C-dots) offer a possible solution, even if controlling their properties is not always straightforward, not to mention their potentially simple synthesis and the fact that they do not exhibit long-term photostability in general. In the present work, we synthesized two C-dots starting from citric acid and tris (hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane (tris) or arginine methyl ester dihydrochloride. Cellular uptake and bioimaging were tested in vitro using murine neuroblastoma and ovine fibroblast cells. The C-dots are highly biocompatible, and after 24 h of incubation with the cells, 100% viability was still observed. Furthermore, the C-dots synthesized using tris have an average dimension of 2 nm, a quantum yield of 37%, high photostability and a zeta potential (ζ) around -12 mV. These properties favor cellular uptake without damaging cells and allow for very effective bioimaging.

SUBMITTER: Fiori F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9000082 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Highly Photostable Carbon Dots from Citric Acid for Bioimaging.

Fiori Federico F Moukham Hind H Olia Federico F Piras Davide D Ledda Sergio S Salis Andrea A Stagi Luigi L Malfatti Luca L Innocenzi Plinio P

Materials (Basel, Switzerland) 20220324 7

Bioimaging supported by nanoparticles requires low cost, highly emissive and photostable systems with low cytotoxicity. Carbon dots (C-dots) offer a possible solution, even if controlling their properties is not always straightforward, not to mention their potentially simple synthesis and the fact that they do not exhibit long-term photostability in general. In the present work, we synthesized two C-dots starting from citric acid and tris (hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane (tris) or arginine methyl es ...[more]

PMID: 35407731

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Project description:Carbon dots (CDs) are a diverse and wide-reaching field of study which encompasses multiple scientific disciplines. This, along with their extensive applications, calls for the need to continually seek to improve their synthesis efficiency. To this end, we focused upon the effects of altering the heating method on the characteristics and quality of the final CD product. In our approach, two different versions of heating techniques were used including the common oven-based hydrothermal method and a microwave (MW)-assisted hydrothermal method. The MW-assisted heating involved the implementation of a pressure vessel (similar to oven hydrothermal vessel) for improved yield of luminescent CDs. We found that this MW method yielded CDs of bright intensity with comparable shape, size, and dispersity to that produced using conventional hydrothermal methods. Specifically, the CDs average particle diameters were determined to be between 1.8 and 2.0 nm for either method. The MW method also demonstrated certain advantages over the oven method in terms of required reaction time and particle yield. The total reaction and cooldown time was reduced by ∼75% (with ideal MW heating time) and an estimation of the average CDs particle density revealed that the MW method was able to produce approximately 1.2 times more particles than the oven method in less time. Correcting for the same processing time, larger yields are available in microwave synthesis. We were able to also demonstrate that both versions of synthesized CDs can serve as viable fluorescence probes for in vitro imaging experiments due to the fact that, under the determined working conditions, their fluorescence emission is significantly greater than that of cell autofluorescence [oven: p = 1.47 × 10-27 (blue), p = 6.98 × 10-4 (green); 60 second MW: p = 7.59 × 10-10 (blue), p = 3.03 × 10-4 (green)] and the CDs were not cytotoxic. This rapid, simple synthesis approach can be applied to other forms of carbon dots and serves as a high-yield alternative to hydrothermal synthesis.

Dataset Information

Highly Photostable Carbon Dots from Citric Acid for Bioimaging.

Publications

Highly Photostable Carbon Dots from Citric Acid for Bioimaging.

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