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The global case fatality rate of coronavirus disease 2019 by continents and national income: A meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to provide a more accurate representation of COVID-19's case fatality rate (CFR) by performing meta-analyses by continents and income, and by comparing the result with pooled estimates. We used multiple worldwide data sources on COVID-19 for every country reporting COVID-19 cases. On the basis of data, we performed random and fixed meta-analyses for CFR of COVID-19 by continents and income according to each individual calendar date. CFR was estimated based on the different geographical regions and levels of income using three models: pooled estimates, fixed- and random-model. In Asia, all three types of CFR initially remained approximately between 2.0% and 3.0%. In the case of pooled estimates and the fixed model results, CFR increased to 4.0%, by then gradually decreasing, while in the case of random-model, CFR remained under 2.0%. Similarly, in Europe, initially, the two types of CFR peaked at 9.0% and 10.0%, respectively. The random-model results showed an increase near 5.0%. In high-income countries, pooled estimates and fixed-model showed gradually increasing trends with a final pooled estimates and random-model reached about 8.0% and 4.0%, respectively. In middle-income, the pooled estimates and fixed-model have gradually increased reaching up to 4.5%. in low-income countries, CFRs remained similar between 1.5% and 3.0%. Our study emphasizes that COVID-19 CFR is not a fixed or static value. Rather, it is a dynamic estimate that changes with time, population, socioeconomic factors, and the mitigatory efforts of individual countries.

SUBMITTER: Abou Ghayda R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9015248 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The global case fatality rate of coronavirus disease 2019 by continents and national income: A meta-analysis.

Abou Ghayda Ramy R Lee Keum Hwa KH Han Young Joo YJ Ryu Seohyun S Hong Sung Hwi SH Yoon Sojung S Jeong Gwang Hum GH Yang Jae Won JW Lee Hyo Jeong HJ Lee Jinhee J Lee Jun Young JY Effenberger Maria M Eisenhut Michael M Kronbichler Andreas A Solmi Marco M Li Han H Jacob Louis L Koyanagi Ai A Radua Joaquim J Park Myung Bae MB Aghayeva Sevda S Ahmed Mohamed L C B MLCB Al Serouri Abdulwahed A Al-Shamsi Humaid O HO Amir-Behghadami Mehrdad M Baatarkhuu Oidov O Bashour Hyam H Bondarenko Anastasiia A Camacho-Ortiz Adrian A Castro Franz F Cox Horace H Davtyan Hayk H Douglas Kirk K Dragioti Elena E Ebrahim Shahul S Ferioli Martina M Harapan Harapan H Mallah Saad I SI Ikram Aamer A Inoue Shigeru S Jankovic Slobodan S Jayarajah Umesh U Jesenak Milos M Kakodkar Pramath P Kebede Yohannes Y Kifle Meron M Koh David D Males Visnja K VK Kotfis Katarzyna K Lakoh Sulaiman S Ling Lowell L Llibre-Guerra Jorge J Machida Masaki M Makurumidze Richard R Mamun Mohammed A MA Masic Izet I Van Minh Hoang H Moiseev Sergey S Nadasdy Thomas T Nahshon Chen C Ñamendys-Silva Silvio A SA Yongsi Blaise N BN Nielsen Henning B HB Nodjikouambaye Zita A ZA Ohnmar Ohnmar O Oksanen Atte A Owopetu Oluwatomi O Parperis Konstantinos K Perez Gonzalo E GE Pongpirul Krit K Rademaker Marius M Rosa Sandro S Sah Ranjit R Sallam Dina D Schober Patrick P Singhal Tanu T Tafaj Silva S Torres Irene I Torres-Roman J Smith JS Tsartsalis Dimitrios D Tsolmon Jadamba J Tuychiev Laziz L Vukcevic Batric B Wanghi Guy G Wollina Uwe U Xu Ren-He RH Yang Lin L Zaidi Zoubida Z Smith Lee L Shin Jae Il JI

Journal of medical virology 20220225 6

The aim of this study is to provide a more accurate representation of COVID-19's case fatality rate (CFR) by performing meta-analyses by continents and income, and by comparing the result with pooled estimates. We used multiple worldwide data sources on COVID-19 for every country reporting COVID-19 cases. On the basis of data, we performed random and fixed meta-analyses for CFR of COVID-19 by continents and income according to each individual calendar date. CFR was estimated based on the differe ...[more]

PMID: 35099819

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Project description:BackgroundJeju island had the seventh highest incidence rate of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) but showed the lowest case fatality rate among 17 provinces of Korea, which may be associated with comorbidities and geographic differences. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 and evaluate the risk factors for severe COVID-19 in Jeju island, Korea.Materials and methodsAll patients with COVID-19 admitted between February 20, 2020, and June 19, 2021, at a single center were retrospectively enrolled in this study. The severity of illness was defined using five categories (asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe, and critical) according to the National Institute of Health criteria. Then, patients with severe and critical illness were grouped into a severe group, whereas patients with asymptomatic, mild, and moderate illness were grouped into a non-severe group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed using risk factors that were found to be significantly associated with the severe group.ResultsThis study included 348 patients with a median age was 57 years, and 37.5% were aged 60 or older. Among them, 43.4% were male and 10.9% were asymptomatic, whereas 41.4%, 33.9%, 12.9%, and 1.1% had mild, moderate, severe, and critical illness. The all-cause mortality of patients with COVID-19 was 0.28% (1/348). Among confirmed patients with COVID-19, exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was mainly within Jeju island (75.9%). The mean body mass index was 24.09 ± 4.04 kg/m², the median comorbidity index score was low in each group (0 in asymptomatic; 1 in mild; 1 in moderate; 1 in severe; and 2 in critical group, P <0.548). In the multivariable analysis, male sex [odds ratio (OR), 6.37; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.69 - 15.13; P <0.001], ≥65 years of age (OR, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.18 - 6.10; P <0.019), chronic pulmonary disease (OR, 6.10; 95% CI, 1.40 - 26.61; P = 0.016), and length of fever duration (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.19 - 1.49; P <0.001) were independently associated with severe COVID-19.ConclusionThe most relevant risk factors of COVID-19 severity were male sex, older age, underlying chronic lung diseases, and duration of fever during hospitalization. The risk factors for severe COVID-19 were not significantly different from those reported in other studies. However, a lower proportion of the older population among confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases might contribute to the lower fatality rate than the national rate.

Dataset Information

The global case fatality rate of coronavirus disease 2019 by continents and national income: A meta-analysis.

Publications

The global case fatality rate of coronavirus disease 2019 by continents and national income: A meta-analysis.

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