Dataset Information

Engineering 3D Printed Scaffolds with Tunable Hydroxyapatite.

ABSTRACT: Orthopedic and craniofacial surgical procedures require the reconstruction of bone defects caused by trauma, diseases, and tumor resection. Successful bone restoration entails the development and use of bone grafts with structural, functional, and biological features similar to native tissues. Herein, we developed three-dimensional (3D) printed fine-tuned hydroxyapatite (HA) biomimetic bone structures, which can be applied as grafts, by using calcium phosphate cement (CPC) bioink, which is composed of tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP), dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA), and a liquid [Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) dissolved in ethanol (EtOH)]. The ink was ejected through a high-resolution syringe nozzle (210 µm) at room temperature into three different concentrations (0.01, 0.1, and 0.5) mol/L of the aqueous sodium phosphate dibasic (Na₂HPO₄) bath that serves as a hardening accelerator for HA formation. Raman spectrometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated the real-time HA formation in (0.01, 0.1, and 0.5) mol/L Na₂HPO₄ baths. Under those conditions_, HA was formed at different amounts, which tuned the scaffolds' mechanical properties, porosity, and osteoclast activity. Overall, this method may pave the way to engineer 3D bone scaffolds with controlled HA composition and pre-defined properties, which will enhance graft-host integration in various anatomic locations.

SUBMITTER: Kim Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9036238 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Engineering 3D Printed Scaffolds with Tunable Hydroxyapatite.

Kim Yoontae Y Lee Eun-Jin EJ Kotula Anthony P AP Takagi Shozo S Chow Laurence L Alimperti Stella S

Journal of functional biomaterials 20220323 2

Orthopedic and craniofacial surgical procedures require the reconstruction of bone defects caused by trauma, diseases, and tumor resection. Successful bone restoration entails the development and use of bone grafts with structural, functional, and biological features similar to native tissues. Herein, we developed three-dimensional (3D) printed fine-tuned hydroxyapatite (HA) biomimetic bone structures, which can be applied as grafts, by using calcium phosphate cement (CPC) bioink, which is compo ...[more]

PMID: 35466216

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Project description:The regeneration of bone remains one of the main challenges in the biomedical field, with the need to provide more personalized and multifunctional solutions. The other persistent challenge is related to the local prevention of infections after implantation surgery. To fulfill the first one and provide customized scaffolds with complex geometries, 3D printing is being investigated, with polylactic acid (PLA) as the biomaterial mostly used, given its thermoplastic properties. The 3D printing of PLA in combination with hydroxyapatite (HA) is also under research, to mimic the native mechanical and biological properties, providing more functional scaffolds. Finally, to fulfill the second one, antibacterial drugs locally incorporated into biodegradable scaffolds are also under investigation. This work aims to develop vancomycin-loaded 3D-printed PLA-HA scaffolds offering a dual functionality: local prevention of infections and personalized biodegradable scaffolds with osseointegrative properties. For this, the antibacterial drug vancomycin was incorporated into 3D-printed PLA-HA scaffolds using three loading methodologies: (1) dip coating, (2) drop coating, and (3) direct incorporation in the 3D printing with PLA and HA. A systematic characterization was performed, including release kinetics, Staphylococcus aureus antibacterial/antibiofilm activities and cytocompatibility. The results demonstrated the feasibility of the vancomycin-loaded 3D-printed PLA-HA scaffolds as drug-releasing vehicles with significant antibacterial effects for the three methodologies. In relation to the drug release kinetics, the (1) dip- and (2) drop-coating methodologies achieved burst release (first 60 min) of around 80-90% of the loaded vancomycin, followed by a slower release of the remaining drug for up to 48 h, while the (3) 3D printing presented an extended release beyond 7 days as the polymer degraded. The cytocompatibility of the vancomycin-loaded scaffolds was also confirmed.

Project description:Polylactic acid (PLA) has been widely used as filaments for material extrusion additive manufacturing (AM) to develop patient-specific scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. Hydroxyapatite (HA), a major component of natural bone, has been extensively recognized as an osteoconductive biomolecule. Here, inspired by the mussel-adhesive phenomenon, in this study, polydopamine (PDA) coating was applied to the surface of 3D printed PLA scaffolds (PLA@PDA), acting as a versatile adhesive platform for immobilizing HA nanoparticles (nHA). Comprehensive analyses were performed to understand the physicochemical properties of the 3D-printed PLA scaffold functionalized with nHA and PDA for their potent clinical application as a bone regenerative substitute. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and element dispersive X-ray (EDX) confirmed a successful loading of nHA particles on the surface of PLA@PDA after 3 and 7 days of coating (PLA@PDA-HA3 and PLA@PDA-HA7), while the surface micromorphology and porosity remain unchanged after surface modification. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that 7.7 % and 12.3% mass ratio of nHA were loaded on the PLA scaffold surface, respectively. The wettability test indicated that the hydrophilicity of nHA-coated scaffolds was greatly enhanced, while the mechanical properties remained uncompromised. The 3D laser scanning confocal microscope (3DLS) images revealed that the surface roughness was significantly increased, reaching Sa (arithmetic mean height) of 0.402 μm in PLA@PDA-HA7. Twenty-eight days of in-vitro degradation results showed that the introduction of nHA to the PLA surface enhances its degradation properties, as evidenced by the SEM images and weight loss test. Furthermore, a sustainable release of Ca2+ from PLA@PDA-HA3 and PLA@PDA-HA7 was recorded, during the degradation process. In contrast, the released hydroxyl group of nHA tends to neutralize the local acidic environments, which was more conducive to osteoblastic differentiation and extracellular mineralization. Taken together, this facile surface modification provides 3D printed PLA scaffolds with effective bone regenerative properties by depositing Ca2+ contents, improving surface hydrophilicity, and enhancing the in-vitro degradation rate.

Dataset Information

Engineering 3D Printed Scaffolds with Tunable Hydroxyapatite.

Publications

Engineering 3D Printed Scaffolds with Tunable Hydroxyapatite.

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