Association of Daily Exposure to Air Pollutants with the Risk of Tuberculosis in Xuhui District of Shanghai, China.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Xiong Y
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9141396 | biostudies-literature | 2022 May
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Association of Daily Exposure to Air Pollutants with the Risk of Tuberculosis in Xuhui District of Shanghai, China.
Xiong Ying Y Yang Meixia M Wang Zhengzhong Z Jiang Honglin H Xu Ning N Tong Yixin Y Yin Jiangfan J Chen Yue Y Jiang Qingwu Q Zhou Yibiao Y
International journal of environmental research and public health 20220517 10
Previous studies have suggested that air pollutant exposure is related to tuberculosis (TB) risk, but results have not been consistent. This study evaluated the relation between daily air pollutant exposure and TB incidence in Shanghai from 2014 to 2019. Overall, there were four pollutants that were positively related to the risk of new TB cases. After a 5 μg/m<sup>3</sup> increase, the maximum lag-specific and cumulative relative risk (RR) of SO<sub>2</sub> were 1.081, (95% CI: 1.035-1.129, lag ...[more]
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Project description:BackgroundIncreasing evidence has shown that the risk of tuberculosis (TB) might be related to the exposure to air pollutants; however, the findings are inconsistent and studies on long-term air pollutant exposure and TB risk are scarce. This study aime to assess the relationship between monthly exposure to air pollution and TB risk in Nantong, China.MethodsWe collected the time series data on the number of TB cases, as well as environmental and socioeconomic covariates from January 2005 to December 2020. The impact of air pollutant exposure on TB risk was evaluated using the distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM). Stratified analyses were conducted to examine the effect modifications of sex and age on the association between air pollutants and TB risk. Sensitivity analyses were applied to test the stability of the model.ResultsThere were a total of 54,096 cases of TB in Nantong during the study period. In the single-pollutant model, for each 10 μg/m3 increase in concentration, the pooled relative risks (RRs) of TB reached the maximum to 1.10 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04-1.16, lag 10 months) for particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), 1.05 (95% CI: 1.01-1.10, lag 9 months) for particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm (PM10), and 1.11 (95%CI: 1.04-1.19, lag 10 months) for nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Ozone (O3) did not show significant effect on TB risk. Effect modifications of sex and age on the association between air pollutants and TB risk were not observed. The multi-pollutant model results showed no significant variation compared with the single-pollutant model.ConclusionsOur study suggests that air pollutants pose a substantial threat to the TB risk. Reducing air pollution might be crucial for TB prevention and control.
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Project description:BACKGROUND:Children are especially vulnerable to pneumonia and the effects of air pollution. However, little is known about the impacts of air pollutants on pediatric admissions for Mycoplasma pneumonia. This study was conducted to investigate the impacts of air pollutants on pediatric hospital admissions for Mycoplasma pneumonia in Shanghai, China. METHODS:A cross-sectional design was applied to explore the association between pediatric hospital admissions and levels of air pollutants (fine particulate matter, particulate matter, ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide). Data on hospital admissions for pneumonia and levels of ambient air pollutants were obtained for the period of 2015 to 2018. Associations between pediatric admissions for Mycoplasma pneumonia and ambient air pollutants were calculated using logistic regression and described by the odds ratio and relevant 95% confidence interval. The hysteresis effects of air pollutants from the day of hospital admission to the previous 7?days were evaluated in single-pollutant models and multi-pollutant models with adjustments for weather variables and seasonality. Lag 0 was defined as the day of hospital admission, lag 1 was defined as the day before hospital admission, and so forth. RESULTS:In the single-pollutant models (without adjustment for other pollutants), pediatric hospital admissions for pneumonia were positively associated with elevated concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and fine particulate matter. A 0.5% increase in daily admissions per 10-?g/m3 increase in the nitrogen dioxide level occurred at lag 1 and lag 2, and a 0.3% increase in daily admissions per 10-?g/m3 increase in fine particulate matter occurred at lag 1. In the multi-pollutant models, nitrogen dioxide and fine particulate matter remained significant after inclusion of particulate matter, ozone, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide. CONCLUSIONS:This study illustrated that higher levels of nitrogen dioxide and fine particulate matter increase the risk of pediatric hospitalization for Mycoplasma pneumonia in Shanghai, China. These findings imply that the high incidence of Mycoplasma pneumonia in children in Asia might be attributed to the high concentration of specific air pollutants in Asia.
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Project description:Background Exposure to air pollutants has been linked to the exacerbation of asthma, and it has become a risk to human welfare and health throughout the globe. Previous works did not achieve a systematic study by considering interactive effects of age, gender, and meteorological factors on the exposure-effect relationship between air pollutants and asthma. We aimed to quantitatively investigate the effects of air pollutants on hospitalizations for asthma in Chengdu, China. Methods This is a retrospective and population-based study. Data of asthma hospitalization records for residents, the average daily concentrations of air pollutants including SO2, CO, NO2, O3, PM10, and PM2.5, and meteorological variables from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2014 in Chengdu, China, were obtained from several government departments. A generalized additive model (GAM) was used to analyze the exposure-effect relationship between air pollutants and daily asthma hospitalizations after controlling the long-time seasonal trend, “day-of-week (DOW)” effect, holiday effect, and confounding meteorological factors. Results A total of 7,503 hospitalizations were assessed. Significant associations between hospitalizations and air pollutants were found. The relative risk (RR) for hospitalizations for every 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and PM10 for the male group were 1.0121 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0012–1.0232] and 1.0075 (95% CI: 1.0001–1.015), respectively. The elderly (≥65 years old) tended to have a higher RR (1.0022; 95% CI: 1.0001–1.0043) for each 10 mg/m3 increase in CO than the other age groups. All pollutants had slightly protective effects on the younger age group (≤14 years old). O3 had more significant effects in cold season, whereas SO2 impacted more significantly in warm seasons, particularly for females and adults (14–65 years old). Conclusions Adverse effects of ambient concentrations of air pollutants on hospitalizations for asthma are evident, especially in specific population groups. Male patients were more susceptible to PM2.5 and PM10, and the elderly were more sensitive to CO. The effects of O3 in China were significant in the cold season, whereas SO2 impacted more significantly in the warm season particularly on females and adults. The study would be meaningful for asthma intervention and corresponding healthcare resource management.
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