Dataset Information

Database of non-target invertebrates recorded in field experiments of genetically engineered Bt maize and corresponding non-Bt maize.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

To assess potential non-target effects of genetically engineered/modified (GM) maize that produces insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), numerous field experiments have been conducted worldwide. Field data are often variable and influenced by uncontrolled factors and meta-analyses can recognize general effects with increased statistical power compared to individual studies. This database represents a comprehensive collection of experimental field data on non-target invertebrates in Bt and non-Bt maize. It was created for a systematic review with the question if growing Bt maize changes abundance or ecological function of non-target animals compared to growing of non-GM maize. Systematic literature searches identified relevant data. Authors were contacted for additional information or raw data if needed and a critical appraisal scheme was developed and applied to each data record.

Data description

The database contains 7279 records of non-target invertebrate abundance, activity density, or predation or parasitism extracted from 120 articles. Records for individual species and life stages, but also aggregated data are available. Each record represents a comparison of invertebrates in Bt and non-Bt maize and includes means, standard deviations and sample sizes. Additional variables characterize publication details, experimental setup, cultivars, Bt proteins, geographic location, field management, insecticide treatments, sampling details, and taxonomy.

SUBMITTER: Meissle M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9169308 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Database of non-target invertebrates recorded in field experiments of genetically engineered Bt maize and corresponding non-Bt maize.

Meissle Michael M Naranjo Steven E SE Romeis Jörg J

BMC research notes 20220606 1

<h4>Objectives</h4>To assess potential non-target effects of genetically engineered/modified (GM) maize that produces insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), numerous field experiments have been conducted worldwide. Field data are often variable and influenced by uncontrolled factors and meta-analyses can recognize general effects with increased statistical power compared to individual studies. This database represents a comprehensive collection of experimental field data on non- ...[more]

PMID: 35668538

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Project description:This study was conducted to follow up on apparent differences in growth, relative organ sizes, cellular stress and immune function in Atlantic salmon fed genetically modified (GM) Bt-maize compared to the non-modified parental maize line. Gene expression profiling on the distal intestinal segment and liver were performed by the cGRASP 16K salmonid cDNA microarray. Analysis of the intestinal microarray data revealed nearly 500 differentially regulated genes with a false discovery rate of zero, despite modest fold differences (average 2.4 for the down-regulated and 1.7 for the up-regulated genes). However, nine out of ten genes were found not to be significantly different when followed up by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), but direction and magnitude of the change was generally confirmed, at least for the up-regulated genes. For the liver microarray data, statistical analyses could not be performed due to constraints in the design. qPCR revealed some differentially regulated genes in the liver, including up-regulation of gelsolin precursor, down-regulation of ferritin heavy subunit and a tendency towards down-regulation of metallothionein B. This, combined with up-regulation of anti-apoptotic protein NR13 and a tendency towards up-regulation of both ferritin heavy chain and metallothionein A and B in the distal intestine, suggests changes in cellular stress/ anti-oxidant status. This corresponds well with, and strengthens previous findings in these fish. To exclude possible confounding factors, the maize ingredients were analyzed for mycotoxins and metabolites, and the GM maize variety contain 90M-NM-<g/kg deoxynivalenol (DON), compared to levels below the detection limit in the non-GM maize. Numerous differences were also seen in the metabolite profiles of the two maize varieties, some of which seem to be connected to the mycotoxin level. The effects on salmon observed in the current and in previous studies correspond relatively well with effects of DON as reported in the literature for other production animals, but knowledge regarding effects and harmful dose levels in fish are practically non-existing, thus it is difficult to conclude whether the observed effects in the fish are caused by the DON level or by some other aspect of the GM maize ingredient.

Project description:BackgroundTransgenic crops expressing Bt toxins have substantial benefits for growers in terms of reduced synthetic insecticide inputs, area-wide pest management and yield. This valuable technology depends upon delaying the evolution of resistance. The 'high dose/refuge strategy', in which a refuge of non-Bt plants is planted in close proximity to the Bt crop, is the foundation of most existing resistance management. Most theoretical analyses of the high dose/refuge strategy assume random oviposition across refugia and Bt crops.ResultsIn this study we examined oviposition and survival of Spodoptera frugiperda across conventional and Bt maize and explored the impact of oviposition behavior on the evolution of resistance in simulation models. Over six growing seasons oviposition rates per plant were higher in Bt crops than in refugia. The Cry1F Bt maize variety retained largely undamaged leaves, and oviposition preference was correlated with the level of feeding damage in the refuge. In simulation models, damage-avoiding oviposition accelerated the evolution of resistance and either led to requirements for larger refugia or undermined resistance management altogether. Since larval densities affected oviposition preferences, pest population dynamics affected resistance evolution: larger refugia were weakly beneficial for resistance management if they increased pest population sizes and the concomitant degree of leaf damage.ConclusionsDamaged host plants have reduced attractiveness to many insect pests, and crops expressing Bt toxins are generally less damaged than conventional counterparts. Resistance management strategies should take account of this behavior, as it has the potential to undermine the effectiveness of existing practice, especially in the tropics where many pests are polyvoltinous. Efforts to bring down total pest population sizes and/or increase the attractiveness of damaged conventional plants will have substantial benefits for slowing the evolution of resistance.

Project description:BackgroundHundreds of studies on environmental effects of genetically modified (GM) crops became available over the past 25 years. For maize producing insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), potential adverse effects on non-target organisms are a major area of concern and addressed in risk assessments. Reviews and meta-analyses have helped various stakeholders to address uncertainties regarding environmental impacts of the technology. Many field studies from Europe and other parts of the world have been published in the last decade, and those data are often not covered by previous meta-analyses. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to answer the question: "Does the growing of Bt maize change abundance or ecological function of non-target animals compared to the growing of non-GM maize?"MethodsLiterature published until August 2019 was searched systematically in 12 bibliographic databases, 17 specialized webpages, and reference sections of 78 review articles. Defined eligibility criteria were applied to screen titles, abstracts, and full texts of the retrieved references. A custom-made database was developed with quantitative data on invertebrate abundance, activity density, or predation/parasitism rates. Eligible data that did not fit the quantitative database were captured in detailed tables and summarized narratively. For the first time, a critical appraisal scheme for field studies on non-targets in GM crops was developed to estimate the risk of bias (internal validity) and the suitability to answer the review question (external validity) of all primary data. Meta-analyses on different taxonomic levels, functional groups, and types of Bt maize were conducted. Untreated Bt maize was either compared with untreated non-Bt maize, or with insecticide-treated non-Bt maize. The influence of contributions by private sector product developers on reported effects was investigated.Review findingsThe database on non-target effects of Bt maize field trials contains more than 7200 records from 233 experiments and 120 articles. Meta-analyses on different taxonomic levels revealed only few and often non-robust significant effect sizes when both Bt maize and non-Bt maize were untreated. Bt maize harboured fewer parasitoids (Braconidae, Tachinidae) of the European corn borer, the main target pest of Lepidoptera-active Bt maize, compared with non-Bt maize. Similarly, sap beetles (Nitidulidae), that are associated with Lepidoptera damage, were recorded less in Bt maize. In some analyses, a negative effect of Bt maize was observed for rove beetles (Staphylinidae) and hoverflies (Syrphidae) and a positive effect for ladybeetles (Coccinellidae), flower bugs (Anthocoridae), and lacewings (Neuroptera). However, those effects were not consistent for different analyses and often related to individual articles. When untreated Bt maize was compared with pyrethroid-treated non-Bt maize, more effect sizes were significant. In particular, populations of predators were reduced after pyrethroid treatment, while few data were available for other insecticides. Funnel plots showed no evidence for publication bias and the analyses of private sector contribution revealed no evidence for influence of vested interests. Conclusions about potential effects of Bt maize on vertebrates or on animals inhabiting off-crop habitats were not possible, because only few such studies fitting the format of direct Bt/non-Bt comparisons on plot or field level were identified.ConclusionsThe current work largely confirmed previously published results. The effects of Bt maize on the community of non-target invertebrates inhabiting maize fields were small and mostly neutral, especially when compared with the effects of broad-spectrum pyrethroid insecticide treatments.

Dataset Information

Database of non-target invertebrates recorded in field experiments of genetically engineered Bt maize and corresponding non-Bt maize.

Objectives

Data description

Publications

Database of non-target invertebrates recorded in field experiments of genetically engineered Bt maize and corresponding non-Bt maize.

Similar Datasets

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