Dataset Information

Immunosenescence in Childhood Cancer Survivors and in Elderly: A Comparison and Implication for Risk Stratification.

ABSTRACT: The population of childhood cancer survivors (CCS) has grown rapidly in recent decades. Although cured of their original malignancy, these individuals are at increased risk of serious late effects, including age-associated complications. An impaired immune system has been linked to the emergence of these conditions in the elderly and CCS, likely due to senescent immune cell phenotypes accompanied by low-grade inflammation, which in the elderly is known as "inflammaging." Whether these observations in the elderly and CCS are underpinned by similar mechanisms is unclear. If so, existing knowledge on immunosenescent phenotypes and inflammaging might potentially serve to benefit CCS. We summarize recent findings on the immune changes in CCS and the elderly, and highlight the similarities and identify areas for future research. Improving our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and immunosenescent markers of accelerated immune aging might help us to identify individuals at increased risk of serious health complications.

SUBMITTER: Laznickova P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9261368 | biostudies-literature | 2021

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Immunosenescence in Childhood Cancer Survivors and in Elderly: A Comparison and Implication for Risk Stratification.

Lázničková Petra P Bendíčková Kamila K Kepák Tomáš T Frič Jan J

Frontiers in aging 20210719

The population of childhood cancer survivors (CCS) has grown rapidly in recent decades. Although cured of their original malignancy, these individuals are at increased risk of serious late effects, including age-associated complications. An impaired immune system has been linked to the emergence of these conditions in the elderly and CCS, likely due to senescent immune cell phenotypes accompanied by low-grade inflammation, which in the elderly is known as "inflammaging." Whether these observatio ...[more]

PMID: 35822014

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Project description:BackgroundLong-term childhood cancer survivors (CCS) are at increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events; however, there is a paucity of risk-stratification tools to identify those at higher-than-normal risk.Subjects, materials, and methodsThis was a population-based study using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (1973-2013). Long-term CCS (age at diagnosis ≤19 years, survival ≥5 years) were followed up over a median time period of 12.3 (5-40.9) years. Independent predictors of cardiovascular mortality (CVM) were combined into a risk score, which was developed in a derivation set (n = 22,374), and validated in separate patient registries (n = 6,437).ResultsIn the derivation registries, older age at diagnosis (≥10 years vs. reference group of 1-5 years), male sex, non-white race, a history of lymphoma, and a history of radiation were independently associated with an increased risk of CVM among long-term CCS (p < .05). A risk score derived from this model (Childhood and Adolescence Cancer Survivor CardioVascular score [CHACS-CV], range: 0-8) showed good discrimination for CVM (Harrell's C-index [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 0.73 [0.68-0.78], p < .001) and identified a high-risk group (CHACS-CV ≥6), with cumulative CVM incidence over 30 years of 6.0% (95% CI: 4.3%-8.1%) versus 2.6% (95% CI: 1.8%-3.7%), and 0.7% (95% CI: 0.5%-1.0%) in the mid- (CHACS-CV = 4-5) and low-risk groups (CHACS-CV ≤3), respectively (plog-rank < .001). In the validation set, the respective cumulative incidence rates were 4.7%, 3.1%, and 0.8% (plog-rank < .001).ConclusionWe propose a simple risk score that can be applied in everyday clinical practice to identify long-term CCS at increased cardiovascular risk, who may benefit from early cardiovascular screening, and risk-reduction strategies.Implications for practiceChildhood cancer survivors (CCS) are known to be at increased cardiovascular risk. Currently available prognostic tools focus on treatment-related adverse events and late development of congestive heart failure, but there is no prognostic model to date to estimate the risk of cardiovascular mortality among long-term CCS. A simple clinical tool is proposed for cardiovascular risk stratification of long-term CCS based on easily obtainable information from their medical history. This scoring system may be used as a first-line screening tool to assist health care providers in identifying those who may benefit from closer follow-up and enable timely deployment of preventive strategies.

Dataset Information

Immunosenescence in Childhood Cancer Survivors and in Elderly: A Comparison and Implication for Risk Stratification.

Publications

Immunosenescence in Childhood Cancer Survivors and in Elderly: A Comparison and Implication for Risk Stratification.

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