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Phenotypic Changes of Peripheral γδ T Cell and Its Subsets in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease

ABSTRACT: Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CAD) is a chronic inflammatory cardiovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality. Growing data indicate that many immune cells are involved in the development of atherosclerosis. However, the immunological roles of γδ T cells in the initiation and progression of CAD are not fully understood. Here, we used flow cytometry to determine phenotypical changes of γδ T cells and their subpopulations in peripheral blood samples collected from 37 CAD patients. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the relationship between the clinical parameter (serum LDL-C level) and the changes of immunophenotypes of γδ T cells. Our results demonstrated that the frequencies and absolute numbers of total γδ T cells and Vδ2+ T cells were significantly decreased in CAD patients when compared to healthy individuals. However, the proportion of Vδ1+ T cells was much lower in CAD patients than that of healthy individuals. Most importantly, a significant alteration of the Vδ1/Vδ2 ratio was found in CAD patients. In addition, a series of surface markers that are associated with costimulatory signals (CD28, CD40L, CD80, CD86), activation levels (CD69, CD25, HLA-DR), activating NK cell receptors (NKp30, NKp46, NKG2D) and inhibitory receptors (PD-1, CTLA-4, PD-1, Tim-3) were determined and then analyzed in the total γδ T cells, Vδ2+T cells and Vδ2-T cells of CAD patients and healthy individuals. The data demonstrated that immunological activities of total γδ T cells, Vδ2+T cells, and Vδ2-T cells of CAD patients were much lower than those in healthy individuals. Moreover, we found that there were positive correlations between the serum LDL-C levels and frequencies of CD3+γδ+ T cells, CD69+Vδ2+T cells, NKG2D+Vδ2+T cells, and NKp46+Vδ2+T cells. By contrast, there was an inverse correlation between the levels of serum LDL-C and the frequencies of CD69+Vδ2-T cells and NKp46+Vδ2-T cells. Accordingly, these findings could help us to better understand the roles of γδ T cells in the CAD, and shed light on the development of novel diagnostic techniques and therapeutic strategies by targeting γδ T cells for CAD patients.

SUBMITTER: Li Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9304556 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Objectives: To analyze the gene expression profile of peripheral blood monocytes in different stages of coronary artery disease (CAD) by transcriptome sequencing, and to explore potential genes and pathway involved in CAD pathogenesis. Methods: According to the screening of coronary angiography and quality control of blood samples, 8 intermediate coronary lesion patients were selected, then 8 patients with acute myocardial infarction and 8 patients with normal coronary angiography were matched by age and gender. Transcriptomics sequencing was conducted for the peripheral blood monocytes of these 24 samples by using Illumina HiSeq high-throughput platform. Then differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed. Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway annotation and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were applied to annotate the potential functions of DEGs. Results: Compared with the normal coronary angiography group, we identified a total of 169 DEGs in the intermediate coronary lesion group, which were significantly enriched in 59 GO terms and 17 KEGG pathways. Compared with the normal coronary angiography group, we found a total of 2028 DEGs, which were significantly enriched in 311 GO terms and 20 KEGG pathways in the acute myocardial infarction group. The cross-comparison between normal versus intermediate coronary lesion group, and normal versus acute myocardial infarction group included 98 differential genes with 65 up regulated and 33 down regulated genes, which were significantly enriched in 46 GO terms and 10 KEGG pathways. During the progression of CAD, there was a significant up-regulated expression of CSF3、IL-1A、CCR7 and IL-18, and down-regulated expression of MAPK14. Besides GO items such as inflammatory response was significantly enriched, KEGG analysis showed the most remarkable enrichments in IL-17 signaling pathway and cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions. Conclusions: Transcriptomics profiles vary in patients with different severity of CAD. CSF3、IL-1A、CCR7、IL-18 and MAPK14, as well as IL-17 signaling pathway and cytokines and cytokine receptor interaction signaling pathway related with inflammatory response might be the potential biomarker and targets for the treatment of coronary artery disease.

Project description:Monocytes and T-cells play an important role in the development of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD). Differences in transcriptional activity of these cells might reflect the individual's atherosclerotic burden. Transcriptome analysis of circulating mononuclear cells from carefully matched atherosclerotic and control patients will potentially provide insights into the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and supply biomarkers for diagnostic purposes. From patients undergoing coronary angiography because of anginal symptoms, we carefully matched 18 patients with severe triple-vessel CAD to 13 control patients without signs of CAD on angiography. All patients were on statin and aspirin treatment. RNA from circulating CD4+ T-cells, CD14+ monocytes, lipopolysaccharide-stimulated monocytes, macrophages and CD34+ progenitor cells was subjected to genome-wide expression analysis. Only CD14+ monocytes demonstrated that a small number of genes involved in activation was overexpressed in control patients, which was verified by real-time polymerase-chain reaction. In this pilot study, cautious matching of patients with severe atherosclerotic CAD with control patients without angiographic signs of coronary atherosclerosis did not reveal differences in transcriptional activity in four out of five different mononuclear cell types. In resting monocytes from patients without overt CAD some inflammatory genes were overexpressed as compared to patients with severe CAD. Large inter-individual variability prevented the use of single differentially expressed genes as biomarkers. Keywords: disease-state analysis In total 153 arrays were analyzed with 6 technical replicates (147 biological samples). CD34+ stem cells, CD4+ T-cells, resting CD14+ monocytes, stimulated monocytes and macrophages were analyzed, all from patient with severe coronary atherosclerosis or controls that had no coronary atherosclerosis as determined angiographically, and which were carefully matched for age and gender.

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Phenotypic Changes of Peripheral γδ T Cell and Its Subsets in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease

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