Dataset Information

Protection Against the Omicron Variant Offered by Previous Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Previous infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) provides strong protection against future infection. There is limited evidence on whether such protection extends to the Omicron variant.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included 635 341 patients tested for SARS-CoV-2 via polymerase chain reaction from 9 March 2020 to 1 March 2022. Patients were analyzed according to the wave in which they were initially infected. The primary outcome was reinfection during the Omicron period (20 December 2021-1 March 2022). We used a multivariable model to assess the effects of prior infection and vaccination on hospitalization.

Results

Among the patients tested during the Omicron wave, 30.6% tested positive. Protection of prior infection against reinfection with Omicron ranged from 18.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 13.0-22.7) for patients infected in wave 1 to 69.2% (95% CI, 63.4-74.1) for those infected in the Delta wave. In adjusted models, previous infection reduced hospitalization by 28.5% (95% CI, 19.1-36.7), whereas full vaccination plus a booster reduced it by 59.2% (95% CI, 54.8-63.1).

Conclusions

Previous infection offered less protection against Omicron than was observed in past waves. Immunity against future waves will likely depend on the degree of similarity between variants.

SUBMITTER: Rothberg MB

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9384480 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Protection Against the Omicron Variant Offered by Previous Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Rothberg Michael B MB Kim Priscilla P Shrestha Nabin K NK Kojima Lisa L Tereshchenko Larisa G LG

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 20230201 3

<h4>Background</h4>Previous infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) provides strong protection against future infection. There is limited evidence on whether such protection extends to the Omicron variant.<h4>Methods</h4>This retrospective cohort study included 635 341 patients tested for SARS-CoV-2 via polymerase chain reaction from 9 March 2020 to 1 March 2022. Patients were analyzed according to the wave in which they were initially infected. The primary ou ...[more]

PMID: 35867678

Similar Datasets

Project description:We aim to estimate the effectiveness of 2-dose and 3-dose mRNA vaccination (BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273) against general Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (asymptomatic or symptomatic) caused by the omicron BA.1 variant. This propensity-score matched retrospective cohort study takes place in a large public university undergoing weekly Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) testing in South Carolina, USA. The population consists of 24,145 university students and employees undergoing weekly Covid-19 testing between January 3rd and January 31st, 2022. The analytic sample was constructed via propensity score matching on vaccination status: unvaccinated, completion of 2-dose mRNA series (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273) within the previous 5 months, and receipt of mRNA booster dose (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273) within the previous 5 months. The resulting analytic sample consists of 1,944 university students (mean [SD] age, 19.64 [1.42] years, 66.4% female, 81.3% non-Hispanic White) and 658 university employees (mean [SD] age, 43.05 [12.22] years, 64.7% female, 83.3% non-Hispanic White). Booster protection against any SARS-CoV-2 infection was 66.4% among employees (95% CI: 46.1-79.0%; P<.001) and 45.4% among students (95% CI: 30.0-57.4%; P<.001). Compared to the 2-dose mRNA series, estimated increase in protection from the booster dose was 40.8% among employees (P=.024) and 37.7% among students (P=.001). We did not have enough evidence to conclude a statistically significant protective effect of the 2-dose mRNA vaccination series, nor did we have enough evidence to conclude that protection waned in the 5-month period after receipt of the 2nd or 3rd mRNA dose. Furthermore, we did not find evidence that protection varied by manufacturer. We conclude that in adults 18-65 years of age, Covid-19 mRNA booster doses offer moderate protection against general SARS-CoV-2 infection caused by the omicron variant and provide a substantial increase in protection relative to the 2-dose mRNA vaccination series.

Dataset Information

Protection Against the Omicron Variant Offered by Previous Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Protection Against the Omicron Variant Offered by Previous Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Similar Datasets

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