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Change in the inflammatory potential of diet over 10 years and subsequent mortality: the Multiethnic Cohort Study.

ABSTRACT: Dietary inflammatory potential assessed by the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII^®) has been associated with health outcomes. However, longitudinal changes in the DII in relation to health outcomes rarely have been studied. This study aimed to examine change in the DII score over 10 years and its association with subsequent mortality in the Multiethnic Cohort. The analysis included 56 263 African American, Japanese American, Latino, Native Hawaiian and White participants who completed baseline (45-75 years) and 10-year follow-up surveys, including a FFQ. Mean energy-adjusted DII (E-DII) decreased over 10 years in men (from -0·85 to -1·61) and women (from -1·80 to -2·47), reflecting changes towards a more anti-inflammatory diet. During an average follow-up of 13·0 years, 16 363 deaths were identified. In multivariable Cox models, compared with anti-inflammatory stable individuals, risk of all-cause mortality was increased with pro-inflammatory change in men (hazard ratio (HR) = 1·13, 95 % CI 1·03, 1·23) and women (HR = 1·22, 95 % CI 1·13, 1·32). Per one-point increase in E-DII score over time, HR was 1·02 (95 % CI 1·00, 1·03) for men and 1·06 (95 % CI 1·04, 1·07) for women (P for heterogeneity < 0·001). While no heterogeneity by race and ethnicity was observed for men, the increased risk per one-point increase among women was stronger in non-Whites than in Whites (P for heterogeneity = 0·004). Our findings suggest that a change towards a more pro-inflammatory diet is associated with an increased risk of mortality both in men and women, and that the association is stronger in women, especially non-White women, than in men.

SUBMITTER: Park SY

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9547033 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Change in the inflammatory potential of diet over 10 years and subsequent mortality: the Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Park Song-Yi SY Lozano Chloe P CP Shvetsov Yurii B YB Boushey Carol J CJ Wirth Michael D MD Shivappa Nitin N Hébert James R JR Haiman Christopher A CA Wilkens Lynne R LR Le Marchand Loïc L

The British journal of nutrition 20220408 1

Dietary inflammatory potential assessed by the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII<sup>®</sup>) has been associated with health outcomes. However, longitudinal changes in the DII in relation to health outcomes rarely have been studied. This study aimed to examine change in the DII score over 10 years and its association with subsequent mortality in the Multiethnic Cohort. The analysis included 56 263 African American, Japanese American, Latino, Native Hawaiian and White participants who completed ba ...[more]

PMID: 35392990

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Project description:BackgroundTrends in diet quality among US adults indicate a steady improvement, but data on longitudinal individual-level changes in diet quality are still limited.ObjectiveWe examined changes in diet quality over 10 y and sought to determine whether baseline sociodemographic and lifestyle factors predicted the changes in a multiethnic population.MethodsData were from 63,255 African American, Native Hawaiian, Japanese American, Latino, and white men and women (45-75 y old at baseline) in the Multiethnic Cohort, who completed a quantitative food frequency questionnaire at baseline (1993-1996) and 10-y follow-up (2003-2007) and had no prevalent cancer or heart disease at either survey. Overall diet quality was measured by use of the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010), the alternate Mediterranean Diet score, and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score. We used a general linear model with adjustment for covariates to compare diet quality changes by baseline characteristics in men and women separately.ResultsOverall diet quality improved over 10 y by 3.2 points in men and 2.9 in women assessed using the HEI-2015, although scores for some components worsened (saturated and trans fats, indicating increased intake) or remained unchanged at a low quality level (whole grains, dairy, and sodium). In multivariable models where changes in HEI-2015, AHEI-2010, and DASH were harmonized to a 100-point score, greater increases in scores in both men and women were found for Japanese American ethnicity (increase by 0.5-4.7 in the 3 scores, P < 0.03), higher education (by 0.5-1.5, P ≤ 0.001), normal weight (BMI 18.5 to <25, by 0.6-2.5, P ≤ 0.01), nonsmoking (by 1.5-2.7, P < 0.001), higher moderate/vigorous physical activity level (by 0.3-0.8, P ≤ 0.04), and multivitamin use (by 0.4-0.7, P < 0.001) at baseline.ConclusionsSociodemographic and lifestyle factors, closely associated with diet quality, also predicted subsequent changes in diet quality over time in this multiethnic population.

Project description:ObjectiveTo investigate the association between weight change in older adults and mortality in a multiethnic population.MethodsWe performed a prospective analysis using data on weight change between the baseline (1993-1996) and the 10-year follow-up (2003-2007) surveys in relation to subsequent mortality among 63 040 participants in the Multiethnic Cohort Study in Hawaii and California. The participants were African American, Native Hawaiian, Japanese American, Latino and white, aged 45-75 years at baseline, and did not report heart disease or cancer at either survey.ResultsDuring an average of 7.3 years of follow-up after the 10-year survey, 6623 deaths were identified. Compared with individuals whose weight remained stable (±2.5 kg), those who lost weight and those with the highest weight gain (>10 kg) were at increased risk of all-cause mortality, with the risks greater for the weight loss (hazard ratios (HR): 2.86; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 2.62-3.11 for >10 kg) than the weight-gain group (HR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.11-1.41 for >10 kg), thus resulting in a reverse J-shaped curve. Japanese Americans and Latinos had stronger associations of weight loss >10 kg with mortality than did African Americans, Native Hawaiians and whites. The increase in risk with weight gain >10 kg was greater for older (⩾55 years at baseline) than younger individuals, whereas the increase in mortality associated with weight loss was greater for the normal weight (<25 kg m-2 at baseline) participants and never smokers, compared with overweight/obese persons and current smokers, respectively.ConclusionsOur findings confirm the association between weight change and a higher mortality in a healthy, multiethnic population, with higher risks for weight loss than weight gain. On the basis of these observations, public health recommendation should focus on the prevention of weight loss, as well as weight stability within the non-obese range, for middle-aged and older adults.

Project description:BackgroundHigh weight gain in pregnancy is associated with greater postpartum weight retention, yet long-term implications remain unknown. We aimed to assess whether gestational weight change was associated with mortality more than 50 years later.MethodsThe Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP) was a prospective US pregnancy cohort (1959-65). The CPP Mortality Linkage Study linked CPP participants to the National Death Index and Social Security Death Master File for vital status to 2016. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs estimated associations between gestational weight gain and loss according to the 2009 National Academy of Medicine recommendations and mortality by pre-pregnancy BMI. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. Secondary endpoints included cardiovascular and diabetes underlying causes of mortality.FindingsAmong 46 042 participants, 20 839 (45·3%) self-identified as Black and 21 287 (46·2%) as White. Median follow-up time was 52 years (IQR 45-54) and 17 901 (38·9%) participants died. For those who were underweight before pregnancy (BMI <18·5 kg/m2; 3809 [9·4%] of 40 689 before imputation for missing data]), weight change above recommendations was associated with increased cardiovascular mortality (HR 1·84 [95% CI 1·08-3·12]) but not all-cause mortality (1·14 [0·86-1·51]) or diabetes-related mortality (0·90 [0·13-6·35]). For those with a normal pre-pregnancy weight (BMI 18·5-24·9 kg/m2; 27 921 [68·6%]), weight change above recommendations was associated with increased all-cause (HR 1·09 [1·01-1·18]) and cardiovascular (1·20 [1·04-1·37]) mortality, but not diabetes-related mortality (0·95 [0·61-1·47]). For those who were overweight pre-pregnancy (BMI 25·0-29·9 kg/m2; 6251 [15·4%]), weight change above recommendations was associated with elevated all-cause (1·12 [1·01-1·24]) and diabetes-related (1·77 [1·23-2·54]) mortality, but not cardiovascular (1·12 [0·94-1·33]) mortality. For those with pre-pregnancy obesity (≥30·0 kg/m2; 2708 [6·7%]), all associations between gestational weight change and mortality had wide CIs and no meaningful relationships could be drawn. Weight change below recommended levels was associated only with a reduced diabetes-related mortality (0·62 [0·48-0·79]) in people with normal pre-pregnancy weight.InterpretationThis study's novel findings support the importance of achieving healthy gestational weight gain within recommendations, adding that the implications might extend beyond the pregnancy window to long-term health, including cardiovascular and diabetes-related mortality.FundingNational Institutes of Health.

Dataset Information

Change in the inflammatory potential of diet over 10 years and subsequent mortality: the Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Publications

Change in the inflammatory potential of diet over 10 years and subsequent mortality: the Multiethnic Cohort Study.

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