Dataset Information

Nutritional and Polyphenolic Composition of Agrimonia procera Wallr. from Experimental Cultivation with Different Levels of Nitrogen Fertilization.

ABSTRACT: Plants of the genus Agrimonia, including fragrant agrimony Agrimonia procera Wallr., mainly used as pharmaceutical raw material, perfectly fit into the current trends in nutrition and food technology that are searching for organic raw materials with high contents of bioactive compounds, such as dietary polyphenols and fiber. The aim of the research was to determine the nutritional and polyphenolic composition of fragrant agrimony Agrimonia procera Wallr. from experimental cultivation with varying levels of nitrogen fertilization in the nitrate, ammonium, or amide forms. In the experimental cultivation of fragrant agrimony in a seeding medium with a moderately high level of mineral content, the aerial parts, especially the leaves, were characterized by contents protein, dietary fiber, fat, and polyphenols at levels of 11.5, 58.0, 3.0, and 10.5% of dry matter, respectively, and an energy value of about 260 kcal/100 g of dry matter. The effect of additional nitrogen fertilization, in the form of ammonium nitrate and urea, on the content and yield of nutrients and polyphenol in fragrant agrimony depends both on the dose and the form of nitrogen, as well as the morphological part, of the plant.

SUBMITTER: Karlinska E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9654828 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Nutritional and Polyphenolic Composition of Agrimonia procera Wallr. from Experimental Cultivation with Different Levels of Nitrogen Fertilization.

Karlińska Elżbieta E Kaczorowska Olga O Romanowska Beata B Kosmala Monika M

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 20221105 21

Plants of the genus Agrimonia, including fragrant agrimony Agrimonia procera Wallr., mainly used as pharmaceutical raw material, perfectly fit into the current trends in nutrition and food technology that are searching for organic raw materials with high contents of bioactive compounds, such as dietary polyphenols and fiber. The aim of the research was to determine the nutritional and polyphenolic composition of fragrant agrimony Agrimonia procera Wallr. from experimental cu ...[more]

PMID: 36364425

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Project description:BackgroundThe weaning period is critical for stress-related diseases and infections. Currently, large amounts of therapeutic antimicrobials are used to treat infections in the livestock production, especially in piglets. Phytogenic feed additives could provide a useful alternative. We hypothesize, that components in agrimonia species which have been used successfully in humans to treat gastrointestinal infections could also improve the health of piglets. We investigated the effects of Agrimonia procera (AP) on the growth performance of piglets and cytokine expression in isolated porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).ResultsHere we show that piglets that received a diet with 0.56 g/kg AP for 6 weeks tended to ingest more food (+5.1%; P < 0.10), and were characterized by a higher nitrogen retention (+9.6%, P < 0.05) than the control group without AP treatment. Data from a second experiment reveal that piglets fed a diet with 0.87 g/kg AP for 6 weeks had an improved food conversion ratio (1.46 ± 0.04) compared to those that received none (1.54 ± 0.08) or 8.7 g/kg AP (1.60 ± 0.08) with their diets (P < 0.001). However, the food intake, daily weight gain and dry matter of feces were not affected by the AP treatment. Treatment of PBMC for 1 and 6 h with AP extract (APE) reduced the mRNA abundance of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)? in cells challenged with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) but not in cells without LPS stimulation (P < 0.05). The lower mRNA expression of TNF? was accompanied by a trend towards a lower release of TNF? from these cells (P?=?0.067). After the treatment of PBMC with APE for 6 h, the relative mRNA concentration of interleukin (IL)-1? declined (P < 0.05), whereas that of IL-10 remained unchanged. Treatment of LPS-challenged PBMC for 20 h with varying concentrations of APE did not reveal any effect on cytokine expression and TNF? release.ConclusionsThe results indicate that low dosages of AP may improve the growth performance of piglets and seem to exert antiinflammatory effects in porcine immune cells challenged with LPS.

Project description:Soil extracellular enzymes play a significant role in the N mineralization process. However, few studies have documented the linkage between enzyme activity and the microbial community that performs the function. This study examined the effects of inorganic and organic N fertilization on soil microbial communities and their N mineralization functions over 4 years. Soils were collected from silage corn field plots with four contrasting N treatments: control (no additional N), ammonium sulfate (AS; 100 and 200 kg of N ha-1), and compost (200 kg of N ha-1). Illumina amplicon sequencing was used to comprehensively assess the overall bacterial community (16S rRNA genes), bacterial ureolytic community (ureC), and bacterial chitinolytic community (chiA). Selected genes involved in N mineralization were also examined using quantitative real-time PCR and metagenomics. Enzymes (and marker genes) included protease (npr and sub), chitinase (chiA), urease (ureC), and arginase (rocF). Compost significantly increased diversity of overall bacterial communities even after one application, while ammonium fertilizers had no influence on the overall bacterial communities over four seasons. Bacterial ureolytic and chitinolytic communities were significantly changed by N fertilization. Compost treatment strongly elevated soil enzyme activities after 4 years of repeated application. Functional gene abundances were not significantly affected by N treatments, and they were not correlated with corresponding enzyme activities. N mineralization genes were recovered from soil metagenomes based on a gene-targeted assembly. Understanding how the structure and function of soil microbial communities involved with N mineralization change in response to fertilization practices may indicate suitable agricultural management practices that improve ecosystem services while reducing negative environmental consequences.IMPORTANCE Agricultural N management practices influence the enzymatic activities involved in N mineralization. However, specific enzyme activities do not identify the microbial species directly involved in the measured process, leaving the link between the composition of the microbial community and the production of key enzymes poorly understood. In this study, the application of high-throughput sequencing, real-time PCR, and metagenomics shed light on how the abundance and diversity of microorganisms involved in N mineralization respond to N management. We suggest that N fertilization has significantly changed bacterial ureolytic and chitinolytic communities.

Project description:Hardwater lakes are common in human-dominated regions of the world and often experience pollution due to agricultural and urban effluent inputs of inorganic and organic nitrogen (N). Although these lakes are landscape hotspots for CO2 exchange and food web carbon (C) cycling, the effect of N enrichment on hardwater lake food web functioning and C cycling patterns remains unclear. Specifically, it is unknown if different eutrophication scenarios (e.g., modest non point vs. extreme point sources) yield consistent effects on auto- and heterotrophic C cycling, or how biotic responses interact with the inorganic C system to shape responses of air-water CO2 exchange. To address this uncertainty, we induced large metabolic gradients in the plankton community of a hypereutrophic hardwater Canadian prairie lake by adding N as urea (the most widely applied agricultural fertilizer) at loading rates of 0, 1, 3, 8 or 18 mg N L-1 week-1 to 3240-L, in-situ mesocosms. Over three separate 21-day experiments, all treatments of N dramatically increased phytoplankton biomass and gross primary production (GPP) two- to six-fold, but the effects of N on autotrophs plateaued at ~3 mg N L-1. Conversely, heterotrophic metabolism increased linearly with N fertilization over the full treatment range. In nearly all cases, N enhanced net planktonic uptake of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and increased the rate of CO2 influx, while planktonic heterotrophy and CO2 production only occurred in the highest N treatments late in each experiment, and even in these cases, enclosures continued to in-gas CO2. Chemical effects on CO2 through calcite precipitation were also observed, but similarly did not change the direction of net CO2 flux. Taken together, these results demonstrate that atmospheric exchange of CO2 in eutrophic hardwater lakes remains sensitive to increasing N loading and eutrophication, and that even modest levels of N pollution are capable of enhancing autotrophy and CO2 in-gassing in P-rich lake ecosystems.

Project description:BackgroundBecause antibiotic use in livestock is assumed to contribute to the emerging public health crisis of antibiotic resistance, alternatives are required. Phytogenic additives are extensively studied due to their antibiotic properties. Components of Agrimonia species have been reported as candidate antimicrobials that possess antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. We studied the impact of Agrimonia procera (AP) on the growth of selected strains of gut bacteria, the effect of AP on the mRNA abundance of genes involved in inflammation and bacterial defense in a colon carcinoma cell line, the effect of AP in piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharides, and the effect of AP on the growth performance of healthy piglets.ResultsThe in vitro growth rate of different bacteria strains was negatively affected by AP, especially in Pediococcus pentosaceus and all tested E. coli strains. Stimulation of Caco-2 cells with TNFα resulted in elevated mRNA expression of CXCL1, IL-8 and GPX2. After pretreatment of cells with AP, stimulation of Caco-2 cells with TNFα still resulted in elevated mRNA expression of CXCL1 and IL-8 at all measured points in time. However, mRNA expression in AP-pretreated cells was lower after 6 h and 24 h. In addition, expression of DEFB1 and GPX2 was significantly elevated after TNFα stimulation. In vivo, application of lipopolysaccharides induced significantly increased animal body temperatures. Piglets pretreated with AP prior to lipopolysaccharide application showed a faster and larger increase in body temperature than controls. In addition, piglets pretreated with AP appeared to release more TNFα than controls. In healthy piglets, AP treatment had no impact on growth performance parameters. Fecal dry matter and total plasma antioxidant capacity tended to be higher in piglets treated with AP than in control piglets (P = 0.055 and P = 0.087, respectively).ConclusionsAP has antimicrobial effects in vitro and stimulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in Caco-2 cells. The additive had no effect on growth in healthy piglets but increased the immune response in LPS-treated animals. In addition, AP appeared to have antioxidative effects in vivo. Therefore, AP merits testing as a future alternative to antibiotics in animal husbandry.

Dataset Information

Nutritional and Polyphenolic Composition of Agrimonia procera Wallr. from Experimental Cultivation with Different Levels of Nitrogen Fertilization.

Publications

Nutritional and Polyphenolic Composition of <i>Agrimonia procera</i> Wallr. from Experimental Cultivation with Different Levels of Nitrogen Fertilization.

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