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Bioactive graphene oxide-functionalized self-expandable hydrophilic and osteogenic nanocomposite for orthopaedic applications.

ABSTRACT: Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement (PBC) is commonly used in orthopaedic surgery. However, polymerization volumetric shrinkage, exothermic injury, and low bioactivity prevent PBC from being an ideal material. The developed expandable P(MMA-AA-St) well overcomes the volumetric shrinkage of PBC. However, its biomechanical properties are unsatisfactory. Herein, graphene oxide (GO), a hydrophilic material with favourable biomechanics and osteogenic capability, was added to P(MMA-AA-St) to optimize its biomechanics and bioactivity. The GO-modified self-expandable P(MMA-AA-St)-GO nanocomposite (PGBCs) exhibited outstanding compressive strength (>70 MPa), water absorption, and volume expansion, as well as a longer handling time and a reduced setting temperature. The cytocompatibility of PGBCs was superior to that of PBC, as demonstrated by CCK-8 assay, live-dead cell staining, and flow cytometry. In addition, better osteoblast attachment was observed, which could be attributed to the effects of GO. The improved level of osteogenic gene and protein expression further illustrated the improved cell-material interactions between osteoblasts and PGBCs. The results of an in vivo study performed by filling bone defects in the femoral condyles of rabbits with PGBCs demonstrated promising intraoperative handling properties and convenient implantation. Blood testing and histological staining demonstrated satisfactory in vivo biosafety. Furthermore, bone morphological and microarchitecture analyses using bone tissue staining and micro-CT scanning revealed better bone-PGBCs contact and osteogenic capability. The results of this study indicate that GO modification improved the physiochemical properties, cytocompatibility, and osteogenic capability of P(MMA-AA-St) and overcame the drawbacks of PBC, allowing its material derivatives to serve as effective implantable biomaterials.

SUBMITTER: Tan QC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9719101 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Bioactive graphene oxide-functionalized self-expandable hydrophilic and osteogenic nanocomposite for orthopaedic applications.

Tan Quan-Chang QC Jiang Xia-Shu XS Chen Lei L Huang Jin-Feng JF Zhou Qiu-Xia QX Wang Jing J Zhao Yan Y Zhang Bo B Sun Ya-Ni YN Wei Min M Zhao Xiong X Yang Zhao Z Lei Wei W Tang Yu-Fei YF Wu Zi-Xiang ZX

Materials today. Bio 20221123

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement (PBC) is commonly used in orthopaedic surgery. However, polymerization volumetric shrinkage, exothermic injury, and low bioactivity prevent PBC from being an ideal material. The developed expandable P(MMA-AA-St) well overcomes the volumetric shrinkage of PBC. However, its biomechanical properties are unsatisfactory. Herein, graphene oxide (GO), a hydrophilic material with favourable biomechanics and osteogenic capability, was added to P(MMA-AA-St) to op ...[more]

PMID: 36471893

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Project description:Developing a biocompatible and biodegradable graphene-based fluorescent nanoprobe with the ability to visualize live cells could be interesting for intracellular imaging and monitoring the efficiency of chemotherapy. Herein, we report a biodegradable and biocompatible hybrid fluorescent graphene oxide (GO)-ZnS(Mn) composite synthesized via in situ growth of ZnS(Mn) quantum dots (QDs) on the surface of GO in the aqueous medium. The prepared 'GO-ZnS(Mn)' composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) along with selected area electron diffraction (SAED). Further, the fluorescence properties of the GO-ZnS(Mn) composite were studied using fluorescence emission spectroscopy. The composite material exhibited a strong and broad visible light fluorescence from 500 to 600 nm by excitation with 365 nm (UV) light. The cytotoxic experiments of folic acid (FA) conjugated GO-ZnS(Mn) using MTT [(3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide)] assay revealed that the composite had excellent biocompatibility even at higher concentrations up to 200 µg/mL in HeLa cell lines. Next, the bioimaging experiments carried out using confocal fluorescence laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) revealed that GO-ZnS(Mn) composite was taken up by the HeLa cells effectively within 12 h of incubation via receptor (folate) mediated endocytosis with strong fluorescence throughout the cell surface. Finally, the biodegradability of GO-ZnS(Mn) composite was studied by treating it with human myeloperoxidase enzyme (hMPO) isolated from the primary immune cells, neutrophils, which is important to understand the in vivo fate of GO-Zns(Mn). The HR-TEM and Raman analyses confirmed the biodegradation of GO-ZnS(Mn) within 15 h of hMPO treatment. Thus, the biodegradable GO-ZnS (Mn) composite could be helpful for chemotherapy and bioimaging applications.

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Bioactive graphene oxide-functionalized self-expandable hydrophilic and osteogenic nanocomposite for orthopaedic applications.

Publications

Bioactive graphene oxide-functionalized self-expandable hydrophilic and osteogenic nanocomposite for orthopaedic applications.

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