Ecology of SARS-CoV-2 in the post-pandemic era.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Meng Y
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9771448 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Dec
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Ecology of SARS-CoV-2 in the post-pandemic era.
Meng Yafei Y Irwin David M DM Shen Yongyi Y
The Lancet. Microbe 20221221 4
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Project description:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused millions of infections and deaths worldwide since its emergence in December 2019. As there is little or no natural immunity in the human population or specific anti-COVID-19 drugs, researchers from the government, academia and industry are developing vaccines at an unprecedented speed to halt the pandemic. In this review, the results of animal experiments and clinical trials on several vaccine technical platforms are summarized, and several challenges are also discussed to further promote the development, evaluation and application of vaccines during the challenging situation of the global pandemic.
| S-EPMC7785400 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Persistent olfactory dysfunction (OD) is the second most common symptom of post coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) now being termed long-COVID. Its prevalence after recovery from COVID-19 is estimated to be 12% after nearly 6 months of follow-up. It thus becomes imperative for the treating clinicians to update themselves with the pathophysiology of this post COVID disability as well as the tools for diagnosis and the available treatment options. A systematic literature search was performed as per PRISMA guidelines in MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, LILACS, Google Scholar, ClinicalTrials.gov, and medRxiv databases. The keywords used were covid-19, Olfactory Disorders, Smell, Anosmia, PVOD, Post Viral Olfactory Disorders, post-covid and post haul. All articles were studied for definition, mechanism, diagnostic tests and treatment options for post COVID OD. 33 published articles and 8 ongoing trials were found relevant and included after full-text review. SARS-CoV-2 can cause conductive, neural and central OD. Olfactory evaluation can be done both subjectively (visual analogue scale) and objectively (Sniffin' sticks, Sinonasal Outcome Test, University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test and modified Davidson's alcohol sniff test). They can be used to detect and follow-up patients. Despite several on-going clinical trials, the most reliable and advisable treatment option available till date is olfactory training.
| S-EPMC8260324 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveHuman identical sequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) promoted the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) progression by upregulating hyaluronic acid (HA) via NamiRNA-enhancer network, based on previous experimental research. This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of HA for the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the post-COVID-19 era.MethodsA total of 217 consecutive patients with COVID-19 were enrolled at Beijing Ditan Hospital between July 2023 and October 2023. HA levels were analyzed using biochemical detector. Logistic regression analysis was used to screen independent factors for severe COVID-19. The predictive performance of HA for severe infection was assessed by ROC curve. Furthermore, the relationship between HA levels and COVID-19 severity was investigated using multivariate logistic regression models after adjustment for potential confounders.ResultsAccording to the cut-off value of HA, COVID-19 patients were divided into HA < 90 ng/mL group (80 cases) and HA ≥ 90 ng/mL group (137 cases). High HA levels were positively associated with the severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, including elevated inflammatory indicators, severe lung involvement, prolonged clinical course, and higher incidence of respiratory failure and death (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis suggested that HA was an independent predictor of severe COVID-19 (OR = 4.540, 95% CI = 2.105-9.790, P < 0.001). ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of HA for severe infection was 0.724. HA levels were significantly higher in COVID-19 cases compared to the healthy population (123.9 (82.6, 174.1) vs. 50.5 (37.8, 66.8), P < 0.001), but similar to those with non-SARS-CoV-2 lung infection (121.6 (78.5, 175.6) vs. 106.0 (66.5, 149.7), P = 0.244). We also found that the first COVID-19 infections had higher HA levels (118.8 (79.5, 174.3) vs. 85.0 (61.1, 128.8), P < 0.001) and a higher proportion of severe infection (37.1% vs. 21.3%, P = 0.043) than re-infections. However, HA expression failed to fully return to normal levels with infection recovery (204.7 (152.9, 242.2) vs. 97.0 (69.3, 137.3), P < 0.001).ConclusionHA was associated with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and could be used as a novel serum biomarker to predict the risk of COVID-19 progression in the post-COVID-19 era.
| S-EPMC10881864 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Coronavirus infection is a pandemic threat and the most dangerous disease of the 21st century. Despite the rigorous exertion of world-class researchers, there is no perfect cure for it. It has been seen in presently available studies that Paxlovid prevents the progression of diseases and reduces severity in patients tremendously who are at high risk of hospitalization and death. It is a safe oral antiviral drug and has the potential to treat infections from multiple corona variants including omicron which affects humans. Paxlovid is comparatively less expensive than other available effective medicines. Consequently, it reduces hospitalization and death and helps to plummet the economic burden on patients and the health-care system globally. This medicine is still under investigation, and numerous clinical trials are still underway. Its potential side effects are minor and well tolerated by research study participants. Studies show its benefits outweigh the risk, and it is an effective and good alternative for the treatment of coronavirus disease.
| S-EPMC10043822 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Since the beginning of 2020, the new pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 and named coronavirus disease 19 (COVID 19) has changed our socio-economic life. In just a few months, SARS-CoV-2 was able to spread worldwide at an unprecedented speed, causing hundreds of thousands of deaths, especially among the weakest part of the population. Indeed, especially at the beginning of this pandemic, many reports highlighted how people, suffering from other pathologies, such as hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes, are more at risk of severe outcomes if infected. Although this pandemic has put the entire academic world to the test, it has also been a year of intense research and many important contributions have advanced our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 origin, its molecular structure and its mechanism of infection. Unfortunately, despite this great effort, we are still a long way from fully understanding how SARS-CoV-2 dysregulates organismal physiology and whether the current vaccines will be able to protect us from possible future pandemics. Here, we discuss the knowledge we have gained during this year and which questions future research should address.
| S-EPMC8226851 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Introducción La fibromialgia es un síndrome caracterizado por dolor crónico generalizado, rigidez articular, trastornos del sueño, fatiga, ansiedad y episodios depresivos, cuyas manifestaciones clínicas comienzan después de un trauma físico o emocional. Pese a ello, son escasas las publicaciones que describen el impacto clínico de la COVID-19 en los síntomas de fibromialgia. Objetivo Mapear la evidencia médica disponible sobre el impacto de la COVID-19 y el síndrome post-COVID en pacientes con y sin diagnóstico de fibromialgia previo a la infección. Materiales y métodos Revisión sistemática exploratoria en PubMed y Scopus, considerando artículos en inglés y en español, con datos sobre la fibromialgia en población sobreviviente a la infección por SARS-CoV-2. Se revisaron los registros de ensayos clínicos de las bases de datos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Resultados Se incluyeron 12 artículos publicados: estudios retrospectivos (n = 4), transversales (n = 2), casos y controles (n = 2), estudios cualitativos (n = 2), cohorte prospectiva (n = 1) y corte longitudinal (n = 1). La población total fue de 3.060 pacientes. Además, se incluyeron registros de un ensayo clínico controlado aleatorizado, un estudio observacional tipo transversal y uno de casos y controles. La suma total de la población estudiada fue de 173 participantes. Conclusión Los pacientes sobrevivientes a la COVID-19 con o sin diagnóstico previo de fibromialgia pueden presentar un aumento del dolor crónico, insomnio, rigidez articular y deterioro en la calidad de vida. La población con antecedente de fibromialgia puede verse más afectada por estrés psicológico, lesión tisular a estructuras neuromusculares e inflamación por la infección por SARS-CoV-2.
| S-EPMC9061136 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeLack of a control group(s) and selection bias were the main criticisms of previous studies investigating the prevalence of post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) syndrome (PCS). There are insufficient data regarding paediatric PCS, particularly in the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron era. As such, our study investigated PCS-associated symptoms in a representative control-matched cohort.MethodsThis multicentre, cross-sectional, cohort study within the "Immunebridge" project of the German Network University Medicine (NUM) recruited children and adolescents (five to 17 years old) between July and October 2022. Children with polymerase chain reaction-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in 2022 (COVID-19 group) were compared with those without history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and negative for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Queries included vaccinations, quality of life (QoL), and mental and physical symptoms potentially associated with PCS in the previous three months. An additional composite item, "physical performance", was created from the responses.ResultsThe number of children with ≥ 1 PCS symptom(s) was comparable between the COVID-19 (n = 114 [62.1%]) and control (n = 66 [64.9%]) groups. Concentration disorders were reported more frequently in the COVID-19 group (12.3% versus 1.5%; p = 0.012) and "physical performance" was significantly impaired (p = 0.016) regardless of age, sex, and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. The frequencies of other symptoms were similar in both groups. The COVID-19 group rated their fitness as worse, with otherwise equal QoL ratings regarding general and mental health. Conclusion Children with and without previous infections did not differ in most PCS-associated symptoms. Exceptions included physical performance and cognitive problems, which appeared to be more impaired after Omicron infection than in controls.What is known• Mainly due to too few controlled studies, knowledge about the prevalence of individual symptoms in paediatric post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) for the Omicron era is poor.What is new• In a representative control-matched cohort most parent-reported PCS-associated symptoms and quality of life scores in children and adolescents with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection did not differ from those without infection. • Exceptions were physical performance and cognitive problems, which were apparently more severely impaired after SARS-CoV-2-Omicron infection than in the control subjects.
| S-EPMC11662056 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has exhibited great utility in the early and rapid identification of SARS-CoV-2. However, the efficacy of wastewater surveillance under China's previous strict epidemic prevention policy remains to be described. We collected the WBE data of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen and several communities to determine the significant effectiveness of routine wastewater surveillance in monitoring the local spread of SARS-CoV-2 under tight containment of the epidemic. The results of 1 month of continuous wastewater surveillance showed that positive signals for SARS-CoV-2 RNA were detected in the wastewater samples, and a significant positive correlation was observed between the virus concentration and the number of daily cases. In addition, the community's domestic wastewater surveillance results were confirmed even 3 days before, or simultaneously with, the infected patient being confirmed as having the virus. Meanwhile, an automated sewage virus detection robot, ShenNong No.1 robot, was developed, showing a high degree of agreement with experimental data, offering the possibility of large-scale multi-point surveillance. Overall, our results illustrated the clear indicative role of wastewater surveillance in combating COVID-19 and provided a practical basis for rapidly expanding the feasibility and value of routine wastewater surveillance for future emerging infectious diseases.
| S-EPMC10171627 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Following the announcement of the first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case on 11 March 2020 in Turkey, we aimed to report the coinfection rates, and the clinical, laboratory, radiological distinctive features of viral pneumonia caused by viruses other than severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A cross-sectional study was conducted between 18 and 31 March 2020. COVID-19 suspected cases admitted to pandemic policlinic, who had nasopharyngeal swab specimens tested for both SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viral pathogens, were included. Among 112 patients, SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 34 patients (30%). Among the non-SARS-CoV-2 viruses (n = 25, 22%), metapneumovirus (n = 10) was the most frequent agent. There were two coinfections with SARS-CoV-2. Sputum was less in the SARS-CoV-2 group (P = .003). The leukocyte, lymphocyte, and thrombocyte count and C-reactive protein levels were the lowest in the SARS-CoV-2 group (P < .001, P = .04, P < .001, P = .007, respectively). Peripheral involvement (80% vs 20%; P ≤ .001), pure ground-glass opacity (65% vs 33%; P = .04), apicobasal gradient (60% vs 40%; P = .08), involvement of greater than or equal to three lobes (80% vs 40%; odds ratio: 6.0; 95% confidence interval: 1.33-27.05; P = .02), and consolidation with accompanying ground-glass opacity (4% vs 33%; P = .031) were more common in SARS-CoV-2 group. Some clinical, laboratory, and radiological findings may help in the differential diagnosis of non-SARS-CoV-2 viruses from COVID-19. However, coinfections may occur, and a non-SARS-CoV-2 pathogen positivity does not exclude accompanying COVID-19.
| S-EPMC7436306 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-BSST379 | biostudies-other