Dataset Information

Plasmodium infection is associated with cross-reactive antibodies to carbohydrate epitopes on the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein.

ABSTRACT: Sero-surveillance can monitor and project disease burden and risk. However, SARS-CoV-2 antibody test results can produce false positive results, limiting their efficacy as a sero-surveillance tool. False positive SARS-CoV-2 antibody results are associated with malaria exposure, and understanding this association is essential to interpret sero-surveillance results from malaria-endemic countries. Here, pre-pandemic samples from eight malaria endemic and non-endemic countries and four continents were tested by ELISA to measure SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 subunit reactivity. Individuals with acute malaria infection generated substantial SARS-CoV-2 reactivity. Cross-reactivity was not associated with reactivity to other human coronaviruses or other SARS-CoV-2 proteins, as measured by peptide and protein arrays. ELISAs with deglycosylated and desialated Spike S1 subunits revealed that cross-reactive antibodies target sialic acid on N-linked glycans of the Spike protein. The functional activity of cross-reactive antibodies measured by neutralization assays showed that cross-reactive antibodies did not neutralize SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Since routine use of glycosylated or sialated assays could result in false positive SARS-CoV-2 antibody results in malaria endemic regions, which could overestimate exposure and population-level immunity, we explored methods to increase specificity by reducing cross-reactivity. Overestimating population-level exposure to SARS-CoV-2 could lead to underestimates of risk of continued COVID-19 transmission in sub-Saharan Africa.

SUBMITTER: Lapidus S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9778468 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Plasmodium infection is associated with cross-reactive antibodies to carbohydrate epitopes on the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein.

Lapidus Sarah S Liu Feimei F Casanovas-Massana Arnau A Dai Yile Y Huck John D JD Lucas Carolina C Klein Jon J Filler Renata B RB Strine Madison S MS Sy Mouhamad M Deme Awa B AB Badiane Aida S AS Dieye Baba B Ndiaye Ibrahima Mbaye IM Diedhiou Younous Y Mbaye Amadou Moctar AM Diagne Cheikh Tidiane CT Vigan-Womas Inés I Mbengue Alassane A Sadio Bacary D BD Diagne Moussa M MM Moore Adam J AJ Mangou Khadidiatou K Diallo Fatoumata F Sene Seynabou D SD Pouye Mariama N MN Faye Rokhaya R Diouf Babacar B Nery Nivison N Costa Federico F Reis Mitermayer G MG Muenker M Catherine MC Hodson Daniel Z DZ Mbarga Yannick Y Katz Ben Z BZ Andrews Jason R JR Campbell Melissa M Srivathsan Ariktha A Kamath Kathy K Baum-Jones Elisabeth E Faye Ousmane O Sall Amadou Alpha AA Vélez Juan Carlos Quintero JCQ Cappello Michael M Wilson Michael M Ben-Mamoun Choukri C Tedder Richard R McClure Myra M Cherepanov Peter P Somé Fabrice A FA Dabiré Roch K RK Moukoko Carole Else Eboumbou CEE Ouédraogo Jean Bosco JB Boum Yap Y Shon John J Ndiaye Daouda D Wisnewski Adam A Parikh Sunil S Iwasaki Akiko A Wilen Craig B CB Ko Albert I AI Ring Aaron M AM Bei Amy K AK

Scientific reports 20221222 1

Sero-surveillance can monitor and project disease burden and risk. However, SARS-CoV-2 antibody test results can produce false positive results, limiting their efficacy as a sero-surveillance tool. False positive SARS-CoV-2 antibody results are associated with malaria exposure, and understanding this association is essential to interpret sero-surveillance results from malaria-endemic countries. Here, pre-pandemic samples from eight malaria endemic and non-endemic countries and four continents we ...[more]

PMID: 36550362

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Project description:Several severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants have arisen that exhibit increased viral transmissibility and partial evasion of immunity induced by natural infection and vaccination. To address the specific antibody targets that were affected by recent viral variants, we generated 43 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from 10 convalescent donors that bound three distinct domains of the SARS-CoV-2 spike. Viral variants harboring mutations at K417, E484, and N501 could escape most of the highly potent antibodies against the receptor binding domain (RBD). Despite this, we identified 12 neutralizing mAbs against three distinct regions of the spike protein that neutralize SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern (VOCs), including B.1.1.7 (alpha), P.1 (gamma), and B.1.617.2 (delta). Notably, antibodies targeting distinct epitopes could neutralize discrete variants, suggesting that different variants may have evolved to disrupt the binding of particular neutralizing antibody classes. These results underscore that humans exposed to the first pandemic wave of prototype SARS-CoV-2 possess neutralizing antibodies against current variants and that it is critical to induce antibodies targeting multiple distinct epitopes of the spike that can neutralize emerging variants of concern. IMPORTANCE We describe the binding and neutralization properties of a new set of human monoclonal antibodies derived from memory B cells of 10 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescent donors in the first pandemic wave of prototype SARS-CoV-2. There were 12 antibodies targeting distinct epitopes on spike, including two sites on the RBD and one on the N-terminal domain (NTD), that displayed cross-neutralization of VOCs, for which distinct antibody targets could neutralize discrete variants. This work underlines that natural infection by SARS-CoV-2 induces effective cross-neutralization against only some VOCs and supports the need for COVID-19 vaccination for robust induction of neutralizing antibodies targeting multiple epitopes of the spike protein to combat the current SARS-CoV-2 VOCs and any others that might emerge in the future.

Dataset Information

Plasmodium infection is associated with cross-reactive antibodies to carbohydrate epitopes on the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein.

Publications

Plasmodium infection is associated with cross-reactive antibodies to carbohydrate epitopes on the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein.

Similar Datasets

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