Editorial: Comorbidity in patients with psychiatric disorders: Epidemiological and molecular perspectives.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Lin Y
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9850210 | biostudies-literature | 2022
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Editorial: Comorbidity in patients with psychiatric disorders: Epidemiological and molecular perspectives.
Lin Yezhe Y Li Liliang L Guan Fanglin F Yin Dou D
Frontiers in psychiatry 20230105
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Project description:Epidemiologic studies demonstrating high rates of co-occurrence among psychiatric disorders at the population level have contributed to large literatures focused on identifying the causal mechanisms underlying the patterns of co-occurrence among these disorders. Such efforts have long represented a core focus of developmental psychopathologists and have more recently been supported by the Research Domain Criteria initiative developed by the NIMH, which provides a further framework for how the hypothesized mechanisms can be studied at different levels of analysis. The present overview focuses on molecular genetic approaches that are being used currently to study the etiology of psychiatric disorders, and how these approaches have been applied in efforts to understand the biological mechanisms that give rise to comorbid conditions. The present report begins with a review of molecular genetic approaches used to identify individual variants that confer risk for multiple disorders and the intervening biological mechanisms that contribute to their comorbidity. This is followed by a review of molecular genetic approaches that use genetic data in aggregate to examine these questions, and concludes with a discussion of how developmental psychopathologists are uniquely positioned to apply these methods in a way that will further our understanding of the causal factors that contribute to the development of comorbid conditions.
| S-EPMC5079621 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivePrevious literature has established an increased risk of eating disorders among individuals with other psychiatric disorders and vice versa. However, often studies have focused on eating disorders as a single diagnostic entity and/or investigated selected psychiatric comorbidities. We conducted a comprehensive study, exploring bidirectional associations between different types of eating disorders and broad groups of all other psychiatric disorders, to identify patterns of comorbidity.MethodWe included all people born in Denmark 1963-2010. We collected information on eating disorders and considered the risk of subsequent psychiatric disorders using Cox-proportional hazards regression. Absolute risks were calculated using competing risks survival analyses. We also considered prior psychiatric disorders and subsequent eating disorders.ResultsAn increased risk was seen for almost all disorder pairs of diagnoses evaluated. Following an anorexia nervosa (AN) diagnosis, the median hazard ratio for the different subsequent psychiatric disorders was 3.80 (range 2.48-6.15); following an other eating disorder (OED) diagnosis, it was 3.16 (range 2.05-5.14). After different psychiatric disorder diagnoses, the median hazard ratio was 2.66 for later AN (range 1.21-5.31), and 2.51 for later OED (range 1.25-4.10). Absolute risk of eating disorders was also higher among those with other psychiatric disorders than those without.DiscussionIn this broad examination, we identified bidirectional increases in risk of comorbidity for those with both eating disorder diagnoses and psychiatric disorder diagnoses. Although our findings indicate different patterns of comorbidity between eating disorders, these variations were generally small.
| S-EPMC9763547 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In the adult population, psychiatric disorders are associated with somatic illness. Explanatory life style factors have been found, but also a failure to recognize somatic illness in this group. Another factor is side effects from long-term use of antipsychotic drugs. Given the psychiatric-somatic comorbidity in the adult population, it is of interest to investigate whether an association exists already during childhood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the frequency of somatic illness in children and adolescents with a psychiatric diagnose. Data were obtained from the regional health care database Vega, Sweden. Psychiatric and somatic diagnoses obtained during 2011-2013 for individuals aged 3-18 years were extracted. Descriptive statistics were used to examine difference in somatic morbidity between children with and without psychiatric diagnoses. Logistic regression was used in age-stratified models to test the association between psychiatric and somatic diagnoses. Anxiety and behavioral disorders were associated with all somatic conditions investigated at nearly all ages. The same applied to substance use, investigated at age 9-18 years. Affective disorders were associated with all somatic conditions at age 12-18 years. Psychotic conditions were associated with asthma, bowel disorders and myalgia in adolescents. Children with psychiatric disorders are at remarkably high risk for concurrent somatic illness. The associations span across many types of conditions and across all ages. The results support the need for awareness of somatic morbidity in child and adolescent psychiatric clinical settings, and the need for coordinated health care for children with comorbid states.
| S-EPMC6800882 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The best-studied examples of genetically defined developmental disorders, such as Down syndrome (trisomy 21) and velocardiofacial syndrome (del22q11), have been known since before the genomic era and were initially recognized as distinct syndromes based on their own unique constellation of dysmorphic and multisystem features. For example, Down syndrome is characterized by the co-occurrence of several dysmorphic features, including a flattened facial profile, slanted palpebral fissures, protruding tongue, and transverse palmar crease, with accompanying hypotonia, cardiac issues, and developmental delay.1 None of these features in isolation is specific to Down syndrome, and all features are not present in all cases, but the co-occurrence of multiple features from this set is a specific and sensitive marker for the presence of trisomy 21. To what extent might similar principles apply to the patterning of cognitive and behavioral features across different neurogenetic syndromes?
| S-EPMC7529113 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Lifestyle changes involving high caloric diet, sedentary life, and/or persistent stress appear to play a role in the onset of metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is characterized by hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, obesity, and type-2 diabetes. MetS in the long run appears to have cerebrovascular consequences, resulting in neuropsychiatric disorders. However, there is a paucity of molecular studies using relevant animal models of metabolic disorder-induced neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we tried to model the clinical conditions of MetS by feeding C57bl/6 Ncrl mice a high fructose diet (Hfr) for almost 12 months. Random glucose, fasting glucose, glucose tolerance, and triglycerides did not differ significantly between the Hfr diet and Control diet (Cont) groups even after a year on the Hfr diet, except for the accelerated aging-like phenotype in coat color and shiny texture. However, exposure to chronic stress for a week induced metabolic disorder as reflected in high post-prandial blood glucose in the Hfr group, and subsequently mood disorder (depression and anxiety) (p<0.01) and cognitive disorder (p<0.01) as indicated by the behavioral tests. To uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms in the prefrontal cortex, a transcriptomic study was performed. The data analysis revealed hundreds of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the groups (i.e., HfrUST vs CoUST = 348 genes; CoST vs CoUST = 496 genes; HfrST vs HfrUST =226 genes and HfrST vs CoST= 18 genes). The pattern of gene expression was strikingly different in the HfrST group compared to the Ctrl group, thus correlating the phenotype, i.e. MetS induced mood and cognitive disorders. Pathway analysis of the DEGs indicated perturbations in cellular metabolism, inflammation, innate immunity, neurogenesis, vasculogenesis, ion channels, and neuronal signaling. In addition, altered epigenetic regulators appear to mediate the stress-induced precipitation of metabolic and neuropsychiatric disorders. The outcome of our study supports the hypothesis of disease susceptibility due to lifestyle changes involving a high-calorie diet and chronic stress.
2025-06-30 | GSE272983 | GEO
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC10761413 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We examined whether excess chronic medical comorbidity mediated excess COVID-19 inpatient mortality among people with mental disorders in the early phase of the pandemic, a question with important implications for public health and clinical decision-making. Using records of 2599 COVID-19 hospitalized patients, we conducted a formal causal mediation analysis to estimate the extent to which chronic comorbidity mediates the association between mental disorders and COVID-19 mortality. The Odds Ratio (95% CI) for Natural Indirect Effect and Controlled Direct Effect were 1.07(1.02, 1.14) and 1.40 (1.00, 1.95), respectively, suggesting that a large proportion of excess COVID-19 mortality among people with mental disorders may be explained by factors other than comorbidity.
| S-EPMC8942759 | biostudies-literature
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| S-EPMC10011613 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Gluten-related disorders are characterized by both intestinal and extraintestinal manifestations. Previous studies have suggested an association between gluten-related disorder and psychiatric comorbidities. The objective of our current review is to provide a comprehensive review of this association in children and adults. A systematic literature search using MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO from inception to 2018 using terms of ‘celiac disease’ or ‘gluten-sensitivity-related disorders’ combined with terms of ‘mental disorders’ was conducted. A total of 47 articles were included in our review, of which 28 studies were conducted in adults, 11 studies in children and eight studies included both children and adults. The majority of studies were conducted in celiac disease, two studies in non-celiac gluten sensitivity and none in wheat allergy. Enough evidence is currently available supporting the association of celiac disease with depression and, to a lesser extent, with eating disorders. Further investigation is warranted to evaluate the association suggested with other psychiatric disorders. In conclusion, routine surveillance of potential psychiatric manifestations in children and adults with gluten-related disorders should be carried out by the attending physician.
| S-EPMC6073457 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC9099081 | biostudies-literature