Dataset Information

Gender and urban-rural influences on antibiotic purchasing and prescription use in retail drug shops: a one health study.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Few studies have reported antibiotic purchases from retail drug shops in relation to gender in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Using a One Health approach, we aimed to examine gender dimensions of antibiotic purchases for humans and animals and use of prescriptions in retail drug shops in Bangladesh.

Methods

We conducted customer observations in 20 drug shops in one rural and one urban area. Customer gender, antibiotic purchases, and prescription use were recorded during a four-hour observation (2 sessions of 2 hours) in each shop. We included drug shops selling human medicine (n = 15); animal medicine (n = 3), and shops selling both human and animal medicine (n = 2).

Results

Of 582 observations, 31.6% of drug shop customers were women. Women comprised almost half of customers (47.1%) in urban drug shops but only 17.2% of customers in rural drug shops (p < 0.001). Antibiotic purchases were more common in urban than rural shops (21.6% versus 12.2% of all transactions, p = 0.003). Only a quarter (26.0%) of customers who purchased antibiotics used a prescription. Prescription use for antibiotics was more likely among women than men (odds ratio (OR) = 4.04, 95% CI 1.55, 10.55) and more likely among urban compared to rural customers (OR = 4.31 95% CI 1.34, 13.84). After adjusting for urban-rural locality, women remained more likely to use a prescription than men (adjusted OR = 3.38, 95% CI 1.26, 9.09) but this was in part due to antibiotics bought by men for animals without prescription. Customers in drug shops selling animal medicine had the lowest use of prescriptions for antibiotics (4.8% of antibiotic purchases).

Conclusion

This study found that nearly three-quarters of all antibiotics sold were without prescription, including antibiotics on the list of critically important antimicrobials for human medicine. Men attending drug shops were more likely to purchase antibiotics without a prescription compared to women, while women customers were underrepresented in rural drug shops. Antibiotic stewardship initiatives in the community need to consider gender and urban-rural dimensions of drug shop uptake and prescription use for antibiotics in both human and animal medicine. Such initiatives could strengthen National Action Plans.

SUBMITTER: Rousham EK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9896778 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Gender and urban-rural influences on antibiotic purchasing and prescription use in retail drug shops: a one health study.

Rousham Emily K EK Nahar Papreen P Uddin Mohammad Rofi MR Islam Mohammad Aminul MA Nizame Fosiul Alam FA Khisa Nirnita N Akter S M Salim SMS Munim Mohammad Saeed MS Rahman Mahbubur M Unicomb Leanne L

BMC public health 20230202 1

<h4>Introduction</h4>Few studies have reported antibiotic purchases from retail drug shops in relation to gender in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Using a One Health approach, we aimed to examine gender dimensions of antibiotic purchases for humans and animals and use of prescriptions in retail drug shops in Bangladesh.<h4>Methods</h4>We conducted customer observations in 20 drug shops in one rural and one urban area. Customer gender, antibiotic purchases, and prescription use were rec ...[more]

PMID: 36732727

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Dataset Information

Gender and urban-rural influences on antibiotic purchasing and prescription use in retail drug shops: a one health study.

Introduction

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Gender and urban-rural influences on antibiotic purchasing and prescription use in retail drug shops: a one health study.

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