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Association of early life stress and cognitive performance in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls.

ABSTRACT: As core symptoms of schizophrenia, cognitive deficits contribute substantially to poor outcomes. Early life stress (ELS) can negatively affect cognition in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls, but the exact nature of the mediating factors is unclear. Therefore, we investigated how ELS, education, and symptom burden are related to cognitive performance. The sample comprised 215 patients with schizophrenia (age, 42.9 ± 12.0 years; 66.0 % male) and 197 healthy controls (age, 38.5 ± 16.4 years; 39.3 % male) from the PsyCourse Study. ELS was assessed with the Childhood Trauma Screener (CTS). We used analyses of covariance and correlation analyses to investigate the association of total ELS load and ELS subtypes with cognitive performance. ELS was reported by 52.1 % of patients and 24.9 % of controls. Independent of ELS, cognitive performance on neuropsychological tests was lower in patients than controls (p < 0.001). ELS load was more closely associated with neurocognitive deficits (cognitive composite score) in controls (r = -0.305, p < 0.001) than in patients (r = -0.163, p = 0.033). Moreover, the higher the ELS load, the more cognitive deficits were found in controls (r = -0.200, p = 0.006), while in patients, this correlation was not significant after adjusting for PANSS. ELS load was more strongly associated with cognitive deficits in healthy controls than in patients. In patients, disease-related positive and negative symptoms may mask the effects of ELS-related cognitive deficits. ELS subtypes were associated with impairments in various cognitive domains. Cognitive deficits appear to be mediated through higher symptom burden and lower educational level.

SUBMITTER: Senner F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9945796 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Association of early life stress and cognitive performance in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls.

Senner Fanny F Schneider-Axmann Thomas T Kaurani Lalit L Zimmermann Jörg J Wiltfang Jens J von Hagen Martin M Vogl Thomas T Spitzer Carsten C Senner Simon S Schulte Eva C EC Schmauß Max M Schaupp Sabrina K SK Reimer Jens J Reich-Erkelenz Daniela D Papiol Sergi S Kohshour Mojtaba Oraki MO Lang Fabian U FU Konrad Carsten C Kirchner Sophie-Kathrin SK Kalman Janos L JL Juckel Georg G Heilbronner Maria M Heilbronner Urs U Figge Christian C Eyl Ruth E RE Dietrich Detlef D Budde Monika M Angelescu Ion-George IG Adorjan Kristina K Schmitt Andrea A Fischer Andre A Falkai Peter P Schulze Thomas G TG

Schizophrenia research. Cognition 20230211

As core symptoms of schizophrenia, cognitive deficits contribute substantially to poor outcomes. Early life stress (ELS) can negatively affect cognition in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls, but the exact nature of the mediating factors is unclear. Therefore, we investigated how ELS, education, and symptom burden are related to cognitive performance. The sample comprised 215 patients with schizophrenia (age, 42.9 ± 12.0 years; 66.0 % male) and 197 healthy controls (age, 38.5 ± 16. ...[more]

PMID: 36846489

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Project description:BackgroundThe relationship between brain structural changes and cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia is strong. However, few studies have investigated both neuroanatomical abnormalities and cognitive dysfunction in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). We examined neuroanatomical markers and cognitive function between patients with TRS or early-stage schizophrenia (ES-S) and healthy controls (HCs). Relationships between neuroanatomical markers and cognitive function in the patient groups were also investigated.MethodsA total of 46 and 45 patients with TRS and ES-S and 61 HCs underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scanning and comprehensive cognitive tests. MRI scans were analyzed using the FreeSurfer to investigate differences in cortical surface area (CSA), cortical thickness (CT), cortical volume (CV), and subcortical volume (SCV) among the groups. Four cognitive domains (attention, verbal memory, executive function, and language) were assessed. Comparisons of neuroanatomical and cognitive function results among the three groups were performed.ResultsA widespread reduction in CT was observed in patients with TRS compared to HCs, but differences in cortical thinning between TRS and ES-S patients were mainly limited to the inferior frontal gyrus and insula. Several subcortical structures (accumbens, amygdala, hippocampus, putamen, thalamus and ventricles) were significantly altered in TRS patients compared to both ES-S patients and HCs. Performance in the verbal memory domain was significantly worse in TRS patients compared to ES-S patients. A positive relationship between the thickness of the left middle temporal gyrus and the composite score for language was identified in patients with ES-S.ConclusionsOur findings suggest significant cognitive impairment and reductions in CT and SCV in individuals with TRS compared to those with ES-S and HCs. These abnormalities could act as biomarkers for earlier identification of TRS.

Dataset Information

Association of early life stress and cognitive performance in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls.

Publications

Association of early life stress and cognitive performance in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls.

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