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Booster vaccination is required to elicit and maintain COVID-19 vaccine-induced immunity in SIV-infected macaques.

ABSTRACT: ABSTRACTProlonged infection and possible evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in patients living with uncontrolled HIV-1 infection highlight the importance of an effective vaccination regimen, yet the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines and predictive immune biomarkers have not been well investigated. Herein, we report that the magnitude and persistence of antibody and cell-mediated immunity (CMI) elicited by an Ad5-vectored COVID-19 vaccine are impaired in SIV-infected macaques with high viral loads (> 10⁵ genome copies per ml plasma, SIV^hi) but not in macaques with low viral loads (< 10⁵, SIV^low). After a second vaccination, the immune responses are robustly enhanced in all uninfected and SIV^low macaques. These responses also show a moderate increase in 70% SIV^hi macaques but decline sharply soon after. Further analysis reveals that decreased antibody and CMI responses are associated with reduced circulating follicular helper T cell (TFH) counts and aberrant CD4/CD8 ratios, respectively, indicating that dysregulation of CD4⁺ T cells by SIV infection impairs the COVID-19 vaccine-induced immunity. Ad5-vectored COVID-19 vaccine shows no impact on SIV loads or SIV-specific CMI responses. Our study underscores the necessity of frequent booster vaccinations in HIV-infected patients and provides indicative biomarkers for predicting vaccination effectiveness in these patients.

SUBMITTER: Li P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9980405 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Booster vaccination is required to elicit and maintain COVID-19 vaccine-induced immunity in SIV-infected macaques.

Li Pingchao P Wang Qian Q He Yizi Y Yang Chenchen C Zhang Zhengyuan Z Liu Zijian Z Liu Bo B Yin Li L Cui Yilan Y Hu Peiyu P Liu Yichu Y Zheng Pingqian P Wang Wei W Qu Linbing L Sun Caijun C Guan Suhua S Feng Liqiang L Chen Ling L

Emerging microbes & infections 20231201 1

<b>ABSTRACT</b>Prolonged infection and possible evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in patients living with uncontrolled HIV-1 infection highlight the importance of an effective vaccination regimen, yet the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines and predictive immune biomarkers have not been well investigated. Herein, we report that the magnitude and persistence of antibody and cell-mediated immunity (CMI) elicited by an Ad5-vectored COVID-19 vaccine are impaired in SIV-infected macaques with high viral loads ...[more]

PMID: 36239345

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Project description:Lassa fever (LF) is a rodent-borne viral disease that can be fatal for human beings. In this study, an attenuated Lassa vaccine candidate, ML29, was tested in SIV-infected rhesus macaques for its ability to elicit immune responses without instigating signs of virulent disease. ML29 is a reassortant between Lassa and Mopeia viruses that causes a transient infection in non-human primates and confers sterilizing protection from lethal Lassa viral challenge. However, since the LF endemic area of West Africa also has high HIV seroprevalence, it is important to determine whether vaccination could be safe in the context of AIDS. SIV-infected and uninfected rhesus macaques were vaccinated with the ML29 virus and monitored for classical and non-classical signs of arenavirus disease. Classical disease signs included viremia, rash, weight loss, high liver enzyme levels, and virus invasion of the central nervous system. Non-classical signs derived from profiling the blood transcriptome of virulent and non-virulent arenavirus infections included increased expression of interferon response genes and decreased expression of COX2, IL-1?, coagulation intermediates and nuclear receptors needed for stress signaling. Here it is demonstrated that SIV-infected and uninfected rhesus macaques responded similarly to ML29 vaccination, and that none developed signs of arenavirus disease or persistence. Furthermore, 5 of 5 animals given a heterologous challenge with a lethal dose of LCMV-WE survived without developing disease signs. 30 RNA samples from Monkey PBMC: 4 uninf. Monkey PBMC, 8 SIV-infected Monkey PBMC(From 8 Monkeys), 5 SIV+ML29-sc infected week1(Monkey PBMC), 5 SIV+ML29-sc infected week2(Monkey PBMC), 1 SIV+ML29-ig infected week1(Monkey PBMC), 1 SIV+ML29-ig infected week2(Monkey PBMC), 2 SIV+Arm-sc infected week1(Monkey PBMC), 2 SIV+Arm-sc infected week2(Monkey PBMC), 1 only ML29-iv infected week1(Monkey PBMC), 1 only ML29-iv infected week2(Monkey PBMC)

Dataset Information

Booster vaccination is required to elicit and maintain COVID-19 vaccine-induced immunity in SIV-infected macaques.

Publications

Booster vaccination is required to elicit and maintain COVID-19 vaccine-induced immunity in SIV-infected macaques.

Similar Datasets

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