Exercise modifies fatty acid perception and metabolism
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus (mouse) C57BL/6
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PROVIDER: S-BSST1036 | biostudies-other |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:In modern society, stress caused by relationships and emotions is one of the greatest social problems. Similar to humans, domestic and captive animals live under various stresses. Several stresses have been associated with skin disorders, such as atopic dermatitis, but there is a lack of reliable and objective indicators for the characterization of this association. This study aimed to define the changes in fatty acid composition and amino acid concentration in the skin following repeated restraint stress in ICR mice. Mice subjected to 30 min of daily restraint stress for 8 days showed changes in the composition of saturated fatty acids, such as an increase in palmitic acid content, which are the substrates of Δ-9 desaturase. Conversely, unsaturated fatty acids decreased with stress treatment, which appeared to be a result of these fatty acids being the substrate of Δ-6 desaturase. Changes in fatty acid composition after stress treatment may be one of the factors that cause skin inflammation. The water-retention capacity may have been lowered by stress treatment because histidine and leucine, which are natural moisturizing factors, were significantly decreased. The collagen content in the skin gradually decreased after repeated stress treatment. Our results indicate that repeated restraint stress may impact skin health through changes in both the fatty acid composition and amino acid concentration in mice.
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Project description:Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is used extensively as a preservative and a flavor enhancer in the Western diet. Physical inactivity, a common feature of Western societies, increases cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We explore the relationship between dietary Pi excess and impaired exercise tolerance and physical inactivity. Analysis of the Dallas Heart Study shows association of higher serum Pi with reduced time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity and increased sedentary time in humans. To test for causality, we investigated the impact of chronic exposure of high dietary Pi on exercise capacity in mice. Consumption of a high Pi diet for 3 months does not change the body weight but reduces maximal oxygen uptake, treadmill duration, and spontaneous locomotor activity, which is accompanied by substantial reduction in fat oxidation and fatty acid (FA) levels and downregulation of genes involved in FA synthesis, release, and oxidation, including Fabp4, Hsl, Fasn, and Ppar in muscle. Similar results are recapitulated in in vitro by incubating C2C12 myotubes with high Pi media. In conclusion, our findings indicate that dietary phosphotoxicity reduces skeletal muscle FA metabolism and impairs exercise capacity independent of obesity, and may represent a novel and modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
2019-01-08 | GSE120958 | GEO
Project description:BackgroundInorganic phosphate (Pi) is used extensively as a preservative and a flavor enhancer in the Western diet. Physical inactivity, a common feature of Western societies, is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It is unknown whether dietary Pi excess contributes to exercise intolerance and physical inactivity.MethodsTo determine an association between Pi excess and physical activity in humans, we assessed the relationship between serum Pi and actigraphy-determined physical activity level, as well as left ventricular function by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, in DHS-2 (Dallas Heart Study phase 2) participants after adjusting for relevant variables. To determine direct effects of dietary Pi on exercise capacity, oxygen uptake, serum nonesterified fatty acid, and glucose were measured during exercise treadmill test in C57/BL6 mice fed either a high-Pi (2%) or normal-Pi (0.6%) diet for 12 weeks. To determine the direct effect of Pi on muscle metabolism and expression of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, additional studies in differentiated C2C12 myotubes were conducted after subjecting to media containing 1 to 3 mmol/L Pi (pH 7.0) to simulate in vivo phosphate conditions.ResultsIn participants of the DHS-2 (n=1603), higher serum Pi was independently associated with reduced time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity ( P=0.01) and increased sedentary time ( P=0.004). There was no association between serum Pi and left ventricular ejection fraction or volumes. In animal studies, compared with the control diet, consumption of high-Pi diet for 12 weeks did not alter body weight or left ventricular function but reduced maximal oxygen uptake, treadmill duration, spontaneous locomotor activity, fat oxidation, and fatty acid levels and led to downregulation of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis, release, and oxidation, including Fabp4, Hsl, Fasn, and Pparγ, in muscle. Similar results were recapitulated in vitro by incubating C2C12 myotubes with high-Pi media.ConclusionsOur data demonstrate a detrimental effect of dietary Pi excess on skeletal muscle fatty acid metabolism and exercise capacity that is independent of obesity and cardiac contractile function. Dietary Pi may represent a novel and modifiable target to reduce physical inactivity associated with the Western diet.
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Project description:ObjectiveA silencer region (I-allele) within intron 16 of the gene for the regulator of vascular perfusion, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), is implicated in phenotypic variation of aerobic fitness and the development of type II diabetes. We hypothesised that the reportedly lower aerobic performance in non-carriers compared to carriers of the ACE I-allele, i.e. ACE-DD vs. ACE-ID/ACE-II genotype, is associated with alterations in activity-induced glucose metabolism and capillarisation in exercise muscle.MethodsFifty-three, not-specifically trained Caucasian men carried out a one-legged bout of cycling exercise to exhaustion and/or participated in a marathon, the aim being to identify and validate genotype effects on exercise metabolism. Respiratory exchange ratio (RER), serum glucose and lipid concentration, glycogen, and metabolite content in vastus lateralis muscle based on ultra-performance lipid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS), were assessed before and after the cycling exercise in thirty-three participants. Serum metabolites were measured in forty subjects that completed the marathon. Genotype effects were assessed post-hoc.ResultsCycling exercise reduced muscle glycogen concentration and this tended to be affected by the ACE I-allele (p = 0.09). The ACE-DD genotype showed a lower maximal RER and a selective increase in serum glucose concentration after exercise compared to ACE-ID and ACE-II genotypes (+24% vs. +2% and -3%, respectively). Major metabolites of mitochondrial metabolism (i.e. phosphoenol pyruvate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, L-Aspartic acid, glutathione) were selectively affected in vastus lateralis muscle by exercise in the ACE-DD genotype. Capillary-to-fibre ratio was 24%-lower in the ACE-DD genotype. Individuals with the ACE-DD genotype demonstrated an abnormal increase in serum glucose to 7.7 mM after the marathon.ConclusionThe observations imply a genetically modulated role for ACE in control of glucose import and oxidation in working skeletal muscle. ACE-DD genotypes thereby transit into a pre-diabetic state with exhaustive exercise, which relates to a lowered muscle capillarisation, and deregulation of mitochondria-associated metabolism.
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