Exosomal miRNAs of COVID19 patients
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens (human)
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PROVIDER: S-BSST1192 | biostudies-other |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:Tumor microenvironment (TME) is the internal environment in which tumor cells survive, consisting of tumor cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells, as well as non-cellular components, such as exosomes and cytokines. Exosomes are tiny extracellular vesicles (40-160nm) containing active substances, such as proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Exosomes carry biologically active miRNAs to shuttle between tumor cells and TME, thereby affecting tumor development. Tumor-derived exosomal miRNAs induce matrix reprogramming in TME, creating a microenvironment that is conducive to tumor growth, metastasis, immune escape and chemotherapy resistance. In this review, we updated the role of exosomal miRNAs in the process of TME reshaping.
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Project description:Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) are promising candidate biomarkers for diagnosis or prognosis for breast cancer. We investigated the prognostic role of exosomal miRNAs in serum samples derived from patients with breast cancer and compared miRNA expression between serum and tumor tissues.The miRNA profile derived from exosome between breast cancer patients with recurrence (n = 16) and without recurrence (n = 16) were compared by miRNA PCR array. Further, we examined the expression of miRNAs derived from tissues in the patients with breast cancer with (n = 35) and without recurrence (n = 39) by qRT-PCR.Of 384 miRNAs, three miRNAs (miR-338-3p, miR-340-5p, and miR-124-3p) were significantly upregulated and eight (miR-29b-3p, miR-20b-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-130a-3p, miR-18a-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-486-5p, and miR-93-5p) were significantly downregulated in the patients with recurrence. We evaluated the expression of the miRNAs in tumor tissues. The patients with recurrence had higher levels of miR-340 at their primary site as well as in the serum. In contrast, miR-195-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-93-5p, and miR-130a-3p, derived from tumor tissues that were downregulated in the serum from patients with recurrence, were higher in the patients with recurrence than in those with no recurrence. In logistic regression analysis, miR-340-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-130a-3p, and miR-93-5p were significantly associated with recurrence.Several exosomal miRNAs may be useful biomarkers to predict breast cancer recurrence. We show the different expression patterns of miRNAs between tumor tissues and serum. These findings may suggest selective mechanism of release of exosomal miRNAs by cancer cells to regulate their progression.
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Project description:BackgroundCirculating exosomes from prostate cancer (PCa) patients undergoing radiotherapy are attractive candidate biomarkers for monitoring treatment response. Multiple workflows for isolation and content characterization of exosomes in biofluids have been attempted. We report a protocol to isolate and characterize exosomal miRNAs content and assess radiation-induced changes.MethodsIn this pilot study, we performed targeted exosomal miRNA profiling of 25 serum samples obtained from PCa patients with intermediate- and high-risk disease treated with curative radiotherapy (RT), and controls. Post-treatment blood samples were collected at least 28 days after radiation therapy as a paired follow-up sample. The complete workflow consisted of two phases: I) filtration and polyethylene glycol salt precipitation phase which enriched particles below 200 nm in size followed by characterization using electron microscopy, and II) flow cytometry. Finally, miRNA expression analysis between untreated and treated patient samples was performed using RNA extraction kit, and qRT-PCR.ResultsIn our preliminary data, 1 ml of serum from PCa patients showed higher exosomal concentration (3.68E+10) compared to controls (6.07E+08). The overall expression of exosomes after RT was found to be higher compared to untreated samples; the median value changed from 3.68E+10 to 5.40E+10; p?=?0.52. Using electron microscopy, we were able to visualize cup-shaped vesicles with morphology and size compatible with exosomes. The bead-based flow cytometry showed positivity for exosomal tetraspanins surface markers CD63 and CD9. All five miRNAs (hsa-let-7a-5p, hsa-miR-141-3p, hsa-miR-145-5p, hsa-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-99b-5p) have been identified in exosomes. Despite overall changes in hsa-let-7a-5p expression after radiation, the difference was significant only in the high-risk group (p?=?0.037). In addition, the radiation response to hsa-miR-21-5p was elevated in the high-risk group compared to the intermediate group (p?=?0.036).ConclusionsHerewith, we demonstrated a protocol for isolation of serum exosomes and exosomal miRNA amplification. The recovery of exosomal miRNAs and their differential expression after radiation treatment suggests promising biomarker potential that requires further investigation in larger patient cohorts.
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Project description:This study evaluated the potential relationship between exosomal miRNAs and clinical symptoms in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Forty-eight newly diagnosed myeloma patients and sixteen normal donors were enrolled in the study. The results showed that the relative expression levels of let-7c-5p, let-7d-5p, miR-140-3p, miR-185-5p, and miR-425-5p in the exosomes of MM patients were significantly lower than those of healthy controls. Furthermore, there were significant differences in the clinical characteristics of myeloma, such as kidney damage, while the expression levels of the same miRNA in exosomes and serum are not correlated. The expression of exosomal miRNA is related to the expression levels of clinical feature-related factors, such as creatinine, ?2-microglobulin, ?-CTX, and IL-6 in serum. Establishing this relationship could contribute to understanding the pathogenesis of MM.
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Project description:Exosomes are nano-vesicles present in the circulation that are involved in cell-to-cell communication and regulation of different biological processes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are part of their cargo and are potential biomarkers. Methods of exosome isolation and the inter-individual and intra-individual variations in circulating miRNA exosomal cargo have been poorly investigated. This study aims for comparing two exosome isolation methods and to assess the stability of eleven plasma exosomal miRNAs over time. In addition to evaluate miRNA variability of both kits, the effect of freezing plasma before exosome isolation or freezing isolated exosomes on miRNA stability was also evaluated. MiRNA levels were tested in 7 healthy subjects who underwent four different blood extractions obtained in 4 consecutive weeks. One of the isolation kits displayed generally better amplification signals, and miRNAs from exosomes isolated after freezing the plasma had the highest levels. Intra-subject and inter-subject coefficients of variance were lower for the same isolation kit after freezing plasma. Finally, miRNAs that showed an acceptable expression level were stable across the consecutive extractions. This study shows for the first time the stability over time of miRNAs isolated from circulating plasma exosomes, establishing a key step in the use of exosomal miRNAs as biomarkers.
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Project description:Aiming to develop circulation biomarkers for liver disease, including progression of fibrosis/inflammation.
2023-06-20 | GSE83977 | GEO
Project description:An approximately 40% of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients who discontinued imatinib (IM) therapy maintained undetectable minimal residual disease (UMRD) for more than one year (STOP-IM). We therefore set out to examine exosomal miRNAs expression in CML patients who could discontinue IM, to seek the possible distinguishable biomarker in STOP-IM CML patients. We compared CML patients who sustained UMRD for more than one year after discontinuation of imatinib (STOP-IM group) with healthy volunteers (controls). In 7 patients who had discontinued IM with sustained UMRD for more than 6 months (STOP-IM group), samples were collected when IM was stopped. Seven healthy volunteers served as control. Plasma samples were harvested form 2ml of whole blood. Exosoms were isolated from plasma using a Total exosome isolation kit for plasma (Life Technologies). Isolation of total RNA was performed using the mirVana PARIS kit (Ambion, Austin, TX, USA). The expression profile of miRNAs was determined using the Human Taqman miRNA Arrays A (Applied Biosystems). Synthetic ath-miR-159 (Hokkaido System Science, Hokkaido, Japan) were used as a control. QRT-PCR was carried out on an Applied Biosystems 7900HT thermal cycler using the manufacturerâs recommended program. With the use of SDS2.2 software and Data Assist (Thermo Fisher Sciences), the expression of plasma miRNAs was calculated based on cycle threshold (Ct) values normalized by those of ath-miR-159, which was spiked in each plasma sample. Data analysis was done using GeneSiferâ software (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA). The Benjamini-Hochberg algorithm was used for estimation of false discovery rates.
2016-03-31 | E-GEOD-75389 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:BackgroundMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that are involved in many biological regulation processes. Studies have reported that miRNAs are enriched in human plasma and plasma-derived exosome as novel diagnostic biomarkers. The aim of this study was to determine whether the miRNA expression levels are different between plasma and plasma-derived exosome.MethodsWe sequenced and quantified the miRNAs in plasma and exosome from healthy blood samples and validated three miRNAs in the two groups of lung cancer samples by qRT-PCR.ResultsThe sequencing results showed that only several of miRNAs were differential, while the qRT-PCR further validated that most of them did not have the consistent differences. However, the levels of two upregulated miRNAs (miR-181b-5p and miR-21-5p) in lung cancer were significantly higher in exosomes than plasma.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to compare the expression levels of miRNAs between plasma and exosome in healthy blood samples. Our data suggested that the miRNA levels were similar in the two parts of the healthy people, whereas the two onco-miRNAs were significantly enriched in the exosome of lung cancer patients.
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