Patterns of Cancer in Wolaita Sodo University Hospital :
South Ethiopia
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Wolaita Sodo University Hospital
SUBMITTER:
PROVIDER: S-BSST879 | biostudies-other |
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): South Ethiopia
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:BackgroundThe emergence of drug resistance is a major problem in malaria control. Combination of molecular genotyping and characterization of mutations or single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) correlated with drug resistance can provide information for subsequent surveillance of existing and developing drug resistance patterns. The introduction of artemether/lumefantrine (AL) as first-line treatment, never used before in Ethiopia, allowed the collection of baseline data of molecular polymorphisms before a selection due to AL could occur.Method97 patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria were recruited from April to June 2006 and treated with either AL, quinine (Q) or atovaquone/proguanil (AP) in Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia. Mutations or SNPs associated with resistance to these drugs were analysed by RFLP (pfdhfr, pfmdr1) and sequencing of the target genes (pfcytb, pfserca ).ResultsSNPs previously reported to be associated with resistance to the study drugs were identified in recrudescent and treatment sensitive isolates. A total of seven recrudescences were obtained. The pfmdr1 N86Y mutation was found in 84.5% of isolates. The triple mutation 51I,59R,108N of the pfdhfr gene occured in high frequency (83.3%) but no pfcytb mutation was detected. Sequencing showed a variety of previously described and new mutations in the pfserca gene.ConclusionThe prevalence of mutations was in accordance with the expected patterns considering recent drug regimens. The broad introduction of AL and the cessation of former drug regimens might probably change the current distribution of polymorphisms, possibly leading to decreased sensitivity to AL in future. Continuous surveillance of molecular patterns in this region is, therefore, recommended.
| S-EPMC2922303 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This study identified and compared the bacterial diversity and clinically relavent bacterial strains around a newly developed hospital and university precinct in southern India for a period of twelve months.
2025-02-28 | GSE233292 | GEO
Project description:BackgroundGroup B Streptococcus (GBS) that asymptomatically colonizing the recto-vaginal area of women is the most important cause of neonatal colonization. There is paucity of evidence about newborn colonization with GBS in Ethiopia. Thus, this study was aimed to determine the prevalence of newborn colonization with GBS, antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolates and associated risk factors at the University of Gondar Referral Hospital in Northwest Ethiopia METHODS: A prospective cross sectional study was conducted from December 2016 to November 2017. A total of 1,155 swabs from nasal, ear and umbilical areas of the newborns were collected from the 385 newborns. Identifications of the isolates and antibiotic susceptibility testing were done by using conventional methods.ResultsSixty two (16.1%, 95% CI: 12.2% - 20%) of the newborns were colonized by GBS. Seven percent of the total specimens were positive for GBS. The antibiotics susceptibility rates of GBS (average of the three body sites tested) were 95.1%, 89.6%, 88.9%, 85.7%, 85.3%, 81.3%, 76.9%, 76.1%, 73.8%, and 34.4% to ampicillin, penicillin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, vancomycin, azitromycin, erythromycin, clindamycin, ceftriaxone, and tetracycline, respectively. A multilogistic regression analyses were shown that the newborns that were from mothers whose education status was below tertiary level, and newborns from mothers who were: being employed, being nullipara and multigravida were at risk for colonization with GBS.ConclusionPrevalence of neonatal colonization with GBS was higher than it was reported in three decades ago in Ethiopia. Ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, vancomycin and azithromycin were identified as the drug of choice next to ampicillin and penicillin.
| S-EPMC6271408 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Introduction:Anemia is a public health problem in Ethiopia. In spite of the fact that anemia is a common health burden with much severe consequences, the prevalence of the different types of anemia and its severity have not yet been well documented in different parts of the country. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of different types of anemia, including severity and association with age and sex of study population. Materials and methods:Four hundred anemic patients who are men and non-pregnant women above 15 years of age were selected from patients visiting the laboratory for Complete Blood Count (CBC) investigation. The type and severity of anemia were assessed based on red cell indices and haemoglobin levels respectively. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 19. Chi square was used at 95% confidence interval, considering P <?0.05 statistically significant for association among categorical variables. Result:The overall prevalence of anemia in the study was 13%. Majority of cases had mild anemia 58.5%, while 19.0%, and 22.5% of the patients had moderate and severe anemia respectively. Overall, the prevalence of mild anemia increases with age, while the prevalence of moderate and severe anemia decreases as age increases. In the present study, the most common anemia was normocytic, which mostly occur in the elderly (61-85) years of age. Conclusion:The CBC parameters help to diagnose and classify anemia in to major components, which might help for a better treatment practice in developing countries, where additional investigations are not available for a reliable diagnosis and classification of anemia. Despite resource limitations in developing countries, additional anaemia work up such as iron studies and markers of inflammation, will provide a more efficient diagnosis of anaemia.
| S-EPMC6323856 | biostudies-other
Project description:OBJECTIVE:This study was done to determine the prevalence and phenotypic characterization of Enterococcus species isolated from clinical samples of pediatric patients in Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia. RESULTS:The overall prevalence of Enterococci species was 5.5% (22/403). Five (22.7%) of Enterococci species were vancomycin resistant. Haemolysin, gelatinase and biofilm production was seen among 45.5, 68.2 and 77.3% of isolates respectively. The overall rate of antibiotic resistance was 95.5% (21/22). High resistance was observed against norfloxacin (87.5%), and tetracycline (77.3%). Whereas, low resistance (36.5%) was observed against ciprofloxacin and eighteen (80.8%) of the isolates were multi-drug resistant.
| S-EPMC5941600 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesThis study aims to determine bacterial profile and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of chronic suppurative otitis media in the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.ResultSixty-two ear swabs were collected and 74 bacterial isolates were identified, of which 48 (77.4%) sample with mono-microbial growth, 11 (17.8%) with polymicrobial growth and the remaining 3 (4.8%) show no growth. The most common isolates were Proteus mirabilis 16 (21.6%), followed by S. aureus 12 (16.2%), Klebsiella spp. 10 (13.5%) and Providencia spp. 11 (14.9%). Proteus mirabilis was 100% susceptible to norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin while 87.5% of the isolates were susceptible to cefixime and gentamicin. S. aureus was 83.3% susceptible to gentamicin and clarithromycin, while 75% of the isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and chloramphenicol, however, 66.7% the isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and erythromycin. The overall prevalence of multidrug resistance in the current study was 35 (47.3%). In this study P. mirabilis, S. aureus, Providencia spp., and Klebsiella spp. were the most common bacterial isolate and all Gram negative isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, clarithromycin and tobramycin were relatively effective against Gram positive bacteria.
| S-EPMC6631645 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The study assessed the pattern and appropriateness of medicines prescribed to outpatients at Gondar University Referral Hospital in northwestern Ethiopia. An institution-based cross-sectional study was employed, through interviews and prescription reviews, among 346 patients at the outpatient pharmacy, from 2nd to 20th of May 2016. Data on sociodemographic profile of patients and medicines prescribed to them were collected. A mean of 1.72 medicines per encounter was prescribed, over a third of the total being anti-infectives. Patients were able to get about 85% of these medicines. An unskilled government employee would be required to work more than one and a half day to be able to afford the average priced medicine. Among prescriptions with two or more medicines, more than a third had at least one potential drug-drug interaction (PDDI), the commonest pair containing amoxicillin and doxycycline. Being male, being older (50-59 years), and increased number of medicines were associated with higher likelihood of PDDIs. In conclusion, the number of medicines prescribed per encounter was up to accepted standard. However, their availability fell short, together with considerable cost. Regarding appropriateness, a significant proportion of potential drug-drug interactions is identified and associated with patient's sex, age, and number of medicines prescribed.
| S-EPMC5748306 | biostudies-other
Project description:BACKGROUND:Out-of-pocket expenditure constitutes high proportion of healthcare spending in low-income countries. It can affect patients' adherence to treatments leading to serious health consequences. The objective of this study was to document costs incurred by patients visiting Gondar University Referral Hospital, in Gondar, northwestern Ethiopia. METHODS:An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 346 outpatients at the hospital from 2nd to 20th of May 2016. Data collection took place through interviews with patients coming to the outpatient pharmacy after finishing their visits at the different departments in the hospital. Data were collected on socio-demographic information, cost incurred before and during hospital visit as well as ownership of household items. RESULTS:Among the 342 interviews included in the final analysis, a median total cost of 22.25 USD was incurred by patients. This constituted spending on solutions tried before hospital visit, direct medical, nonmedical and indirect costs. Among these, direct nonmedical and indirect costs constituted a large share. Medicine, transportation and waiting time during visit were major components of direct medical, nonmedical and indirect costs respectively. Total median cost was found to be predicted by residence, marital status and payment scheme used to pay for hospital services. CONCLUSIONS:Outpatients visiting the hospital incurred significant costs for illnesses/conditions associated with their visit to the hospital, the main components being nonmedical and indirect costs. Residence, marital status and payment scheme, predicted median total cost. Direct nonmedical costs and indirect costs were found to be significant components associated to the spending and loss of earning by patients and their families in their trip to and from the hospital.
| S-EPMC6225699 | biostudies-other
Project description:ObjectiveThe prevention of pressure injury is of great importance in providing quality care to patients, as it has been reported that approximately 95% of all pressure injury are preventable. Nurses working in clinical settings play a key role in identifying patients at risk and administering preventative care. Therefore, this study examines pressure injury prevention practices among nurses.DesignCross-sectional study design.SettingWolaita Sodo University Teaching and Referral Hospital, Ethiopia.Participants240 nurses.Main outcome measuresPressure injury prevention practices among nurses.ResultAmong nurses, 37.9% had good pressure injury prevention practices. The factors associated with pressure injury prevention practices included having a bachelor's degree or higher (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=2.18; 95% CI 1.12 to 4.25), having more than 10 years of nursing experience (AOR=3.44; 95% CI 1.41 to 8.37), lacking subject knowledge (AOR=0.49; 95% CI 0.27 to 0.91) and being over the age of 40 (AOR=0.55; 95% CI 0.09 to 0.35).ConclusionThe majority of nurses reported having a limited level of pressure injury prevention practice. Since pressure ulcer prevention practice is majorly the role of nurses. Upgrading the educational level of the nurses through continuous professional development opportunities can improve the preventive practice of pressure ulcer injury by increasing the knowledge and skill gained during the vocational training.
| S-EPMC8921857 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesSurgical site infections occur within 30 days of an invasive surgical procedure in the parts of the body where the surgery is performed. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and associated risk factors of surgical site infections at Bule Hora University Teaching Hospital, Southern Ethiopia.MethodsAn institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 183 consecutively enrolled participants between 1 January and 30 June 2023. Microbiological identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the organisms isolated from clinical samples were performed aseptically. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analysed using SPSS version 26.ResultsThe overall prevalence of surgical site infections was 15.8% (95% CI, 10.9-22). The predominant isolate was Staphylococcus aureus (n = 14; 34.1%). There were 18 (43.9%) multidrug-resistant isolates. Age group >54 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.76, 95% CI, 1.10-20.560), hospital stay ≥10 days (AOR = 2.66, 95% CI, 1.06-6.66],), operation duration ≥2 hours (AOR = 2.64, 95% CI, 1.01-6.90), clean-contaminated wound (AOR = 3.17, 95% CI, 1.21-8.30), open surgical site (AOR = 2.64, 95% CI, 1.02-6.86), and malnutrition (AOR = 4.3, 95% CI, 1.42-12.97) were significantly associated with surgical site infections.ConclusionsThe prevalence of surgical site infections and multidrug-resistant isolates is higher compared with World Health Organisation reports or previous studies. This finding emphasises the need for routine screening and antimicrobial susceptibility testing to prevent and control site infections.
| S-EPMC11771276 | biostudies-literature