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Systemic genome-epigenome analysis captures a lineage-specific super-enhancer for MYB in gastrointestinal cancer

ABSTRACT: The gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma is a major cancer type for the digestive system, ranking as the top cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In contrast to the large body of studies on the mutations of protein-coding gene, the knowledge about the landscape of its non-coding regulatory elements is still insufficient. Combining the analysis of enhancer profiling and genomic structural variation, we discovered and validated a lineage-specific super-enhancer for MYB in gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma. This super-enhancer is constituted by a predominant enhancer e4 and multiple facilitator enhancers, whose transcriptional activity is controlled by the direct binding of HNF4A and MYB itself. Suppression of the super-enhancer downregulated the expression of MYB, inhibited the downstream Notch signaling and prevented the development of gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Our study revealed a novel regulatory mechanism activating MYB expression in a lineage-specific manner, which provided an inspiring insight into the carcinogenic mechanism and therapeutic strategies for gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma.

SUBMITTER: Fuyuan Li

PROVIDER: S-SCDT-10_1038-S44320-025-00098-1 | biostudies-other |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Project description:BackgroundEpigenome editing refers to the targeted reprogramming of genomic loci using an EpiEditor which may consist of an sgRNA/dCas9 complex that recruits DNMT3A/3L to the target locus. Methylation of the locus can lead to a modulation of gene expression. Allele-specific DNA methylation (ASM) refers to the targeted methylation delivery only to one allele of a locus. In the context of diseases caused by a dominant mutation, the selective DNA methylation of the mutant allele could be used to repress its expression but retain the functionality of the normal gene.ResultsTo set up allele-specific targeted DNA methylation, target regions were selected from hypomethylated CGIs bearing a heterozygous SNP in their promoters in the HEK293 cell line. We aimed at delivering maximum DNA methylation with highest allelic specificity in the targeted regions. Placing SNPs in the PAM or seed regions of the sgRNA, we designed 24 different sgRNAs targeting single alleles in 14 different gene loci. We achieved efficient ASM in multiple cases, such as ISG15, MSH6, GPD1L, MRPL52, PDE8A, NARF, DAP3, and GSPT1, which in best cases led to five to tenfold stronger average DNA methylation at the on-target allele and absolute differences in the DNA methylation gain at on- and off-target alleles of > 50%. In general, loci with the allele discriminatory SNP positioned in the PAM region showed higher success rate of ASM and better specificity. Highest DNA methylation was observed on day 3 after transfection followed by a gradual decline. In selected cases, ASM was stable up to 11 days in HEK293 cells and it led up to a 3.6-fold change in allelic expression ratios.ConclusionsWe successfully delivered ASM at multiple genomic loci with high specificity, efficiency and stability. This form of super-specific epigenome editing could find applications in the treatment of diseases caused by dominant mutations, because it allows silencing of the mutant allele without repression of the expression of the normal allele thereby minimizing potential side-effects of the treatment.

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Systemic genome-epigenome analysis captures a lineage-specific super-enhancer for MYB in gastrointestinal cancer

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