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Genetic Analysis to Interrogate Tumor Heterogeneity in Lung Adenocarcinoma

ABSTRACT:

We employed next-generation sequencing to identify somatic alterations in multiple metastatic sites from an "exceptional responder" lung adenocarcinoma patient during his seven year course of ERBB2-directed therapies. The degree of heterogeneity was unprecedented, with ~1% similarity between somatic alterations of the lung and lymph nodes. One novel translocation, PLAG1-ACTA2, present in both sites, up-regulated ACTA2 expression. ERBB2, the predominant driver oncogene, was amplified in both sites, more pronounced in the lung, and harbored an L869R mutation in the lymph node. Functional studies demonstrated increased proliferation, migration, metastasis, and resistance to ERBB2-directed therapy due to L869R mutation and increased migration due to ACTA2 overexpression. Within the lung, a nonfunctional CDK12, due to a novel G879V mutation, correlated with down-regulation of DNA damage response genes, causing genomic instability, and sensitivity to chemotherapy. We propose a model whereby a sub-clone metastasized early from the primary site and evolved independently in lymph nodes.

PROVIDER: phs001159 | dbGaP |

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA326708PRJNA326709

REPOSITORIES: dbGaP

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Project description:The goal of the study was to identify the genes which are regulated by Interleukin-2 in the CD4+ T cells of the scurfy mice during regulatory T-cell deficiency. Scurfy (Sf) mice bear a mutation in the forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) transcription factor, lack regulatory T-cells (Treg), develop multi-organ inflammation, and die prematurely. The major target organs affected are skin, lungs, and liver. Sf mice lacking the Il2 gene (Sf.Il2-/-), despite devoid of Treg, did not develop skin and lung inflammation, but the inflammation in liver, pancreas, submandibular gland and colon remained. Genome-wide microarray analysis revealed hundreds of genes were differentially regulated among Sf, Sf.Il2-/-, and B6 CD4+ T-cells but the most changes were those encoding receptors for trafficking/chemotaxis/retention and lymphokines. Our study suggests that IL-2 controls the skin and lung inflammation in Sf mice in an apparent "organ-specific" manner through two novel mechanisms: by regulating the expression of genes encoding receptors for T-cell trafficking/chemotaxis/retention and by regulating Th2 cell expansion and lymphokine production. Thus, IL-2 is a master regulator for multi-organ inflammation and an underlying etiological factor for various diseases associated with skin and lung inflammation. Methods: CD4+ T cells were purified by Fluorescence Assisted Cell Sorting from the peripheral lymph nodes of (A) three individual Scurfy (Sf; B6.Cg-Foxp3sf/J) male mice, (B) three individual Sf.Il2-/- male mice (Scurfy mice carrying a null Interleukin (IL)-2 gene (B6.129P2-Il2tm1Hor/J)) and (C) a pooled sample of lymph nodes from two B6 (C57BL/6J) mice. All the mice were 3 weeks old. Total RNA was prepared using RNeasy mini kit (Qiagen). RNA samples were converted to cRNA, labeled and hybridized to Affymetrix Mouse 430_2 chips (Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array, Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA) at the University of Virginia DNA Sciences Core Facility. 1. RNA from CD4+ T cells purified from pooled peripheral lymph nodes of two 3-week old B6 mice) - 1 biological replicate 2. RNA from CD4+ T-cells purified from peripheral lymph nodes of 3-week old scurfy (Sf) mice - 3 biological replicates. 3. RNA from CD4+ T cells purified from peripheral lymph nodes of Sf.Il2-/- mice - 3 biological replicates.

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Genetic Analysis to Interrogate Tumor Heterogeneity in Lung Adenocarcinoma

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