Genetic and Environmental Risk Assessment for Colorectal Cancer in Healthy Participants
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT: RATIONALE: Evaluating the knowledge and attitudes of healthy participants toward a new diet and gene test for colorectal cancer risk may help doctors improve acceptance of colorectal cancer screening.
PURPOSE: This clinical trial is studying the knowledge and attitudes of healthy participants toward genetic and environmental risk assessment for colorectal cancer.
Project description:RATIONALE: The Genetic Epidemiology and Risk Assessment program may be more effective than usual care in increasing the number of healthy participants who regularly receive screening for colorectal cancer.
PURPOSE: This randomized clinical trial is studying the Genetic Epidemiology and Risk Assessment program to see how well it works compared with usual care to increase colorectal cancer screening in healthy participants.
Project description:Heat stress can reduce work performance and increases the risk for work related injuries. An in-depth understanding of the molecular heat strain signature in sweat for an extended personalized molecular monitoring is lacking. The HEATSTAR project is, to the best of our knowledge, the first project to use a personalized study setting to assess the molecular signature of proteomics and metabolomics in sweat during moderate heat stress. It was investigated if biomarker candidates can be identified that allow us to differentiate between various heat stressors. For this, we conducted a personalized, cross-sectional, crossover pilot trial with randomized study visits. Healthy non-athlete participants aged 18-40 were included and four different types of heat stressors applied. The local sweat rate through technical absorbents, the whole body sweat rate, and sweat’s metabolomic as well as proteomic molecular composition were assessed.
Project description:Longitudinal cohort: 773 host response genes were profiled in previously vaccinated (n=16) and unvaccinated (n=14) COVID-19+ participants along with 5 healthy uninfected controls across a 2-week observational window Single timepoint cohort: 773 host response genes were profiled in 6 healthy uninfected participants
Project description:The identification and the present wide acceptance of cardiovascular risk factors such as age, sex, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, obesity, diabetes, and physical inactivity have led to dramatic reductions in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, novel risk predictors present opportunities to identify more patients at risk and to more accurately define the biochemical signature of that risk. In this paper, we present a comprehensive metabonomic analysis of 864 plasma samples from healthy volunteers, through Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and multivariate statistical analysis (regression and classification). We have found that subjects that are classified as at high or at low risk using the common clinical markers can also be discriminated using NMR metabonomics. This discrimination is not only due to common markers (such as total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL), but also to (p < 0.05 after Bonferroni correction) other metabolites (e.g., 3-hydroxybutyrate, α-ketoglutarate, threonine, dimethylglycine) previously not associated with cardiovascular diseases.
Project description:Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is a major impediment to the Sustainable Development Goals of improved childhood survival and healthy growth worldwide. Few studies have directly examined the affected intestine, limiting the development of effective interventions. The Study of Environmental Enteropathy and Malnutrition (SEEM, Pakistan) followed 416 at-risk children prospectively from birth to 24 months of age in a rural district of Pakistan with a high prevalence of undernutrition. The duodenal genome-wide methylome and transcriptome was determined in 52 undernourished SEEM participants refractory to nutritional interventions and 42 North American healthy controls and celiac disease patients. Biomarkers were measured at 9 months and tested for association with growth at 24 months in training (n=166) and validation (n=84) groups within SEEM.
Project description:Limited understanding of the immunopathogenesis of human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) has prevented its acceptance as a pulmonary pathogen after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). We conducted a prospective multicenter study of patients undergoing bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) for pneumonia after allogeneic HCT. We tested blood and BAL fluid (BALF) for HHV-6B DNA and mRNA transcripts associated with lytic infection and performed RNA-seq on paired blood. Among 116 participants, HHV-6B DNA was detected in 37% of BALs, 49% of which had HHV-6B mRNA detection. We established an HHV-6B DNA threshold (≥2.3 log10copies/ml in BALF) that was highly predictive of HHV-6B mRNA detection and increased risk for death from respiratory failure (adjusted HR, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.08-5.11). Participants with HHV-6B DNA in BALF exhibited distinct host gene expression signatures, notable for enriched interferon signaling pathways in participants clinically diagnosed with idiopathic pneumonia. These data implicate HHV-6B as a pulmonary pathogen after allogeneic HCT.
Project description:A blood transcriptome analysis was performed on a set of healthy subjects and patients infected with M. africanum (MAF) or M. tuberculosis (MTB). All study participants were recruited from Mali.
Project description:Psoriasis is characterized by hyperplasia and disrupted differentiation of keratinocytes. Keratinocytes are considered not only the target but also the critical participants. To explore the role of keratinocytes in psoriasis, we used microarrays to compared gene expression profile of epidermis between psoriasis lesions and healthy normal skin.
Project description:Immune activation in people living with HIV on anti-retroviral therapy is associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. To identify whether perturbation of immunological pathways persist at systems level, we compared genome-wide whole blood transcriptomes from 26 people living with HIV on long-term anti-retroviral therapy with 12 HIV-negative healthy controls. All participants were Caucasian male adults recruited from London, UK. People living with HIV were on anti-retroviral therapy for a median of 8.5 years (interquartile range 3-16 years). They had undetectable plasma HIV viral load (<40 copies/ml) and median circulating CD4 counts of 703 cells/µl (interquartile range 491-841 cells/µl).
Project description:Epigenetics was reported to mediate the effects of environmental risk factors on disease pathogenesis. To unleash the role of DNA methylation modification in the pathological process of cardiovascular diseases in diabetes, we screened differentially methylated genes by methylated DNA immunoprecipitation chip (MeDIP-chip) among the enrolled participants.