Project description:Successful pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) immunotherapy necessitates optimization and maintenance of activated effector T cells (Teffs). We prospectively collected and applied multi-omics analysis to paired, pre- and post-treatment PDAC specimens collected in a platform neoadjuvant study of GVAX vaccine +/- nivolumab (anti-PD-1) to uncover sensitivity and resistance mechanisms. We show that GVAX-induced tertiary lymphoid aggregates become immune-regulatory sites in response to GVAX+nivolumab. Higher densities of tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) following GVAX+nivolumab portend poorer overall survival (OS). Increased T cells expressing CD137 associated with cytotoxic Teff signatures and correlated with increased OS. Bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing found that nivolumab alters CD4+ T cell chemotaxis signaling in association with CD11b+ neutrophil degranulation, and CD8+ T cell expression of CD137 required for optimal T cell activation. These findings provide new insights into PD-1-regulated immune pathways in PDAC that should inform more effective therapeutic combinations that include TAN regulators and T cell activators.
Project description:RNA extracted from the post 72 hour cultured tumor samples from 31 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated Nivolumab and Nivolumab+Ipilimumab was analyzed on the nCounter system using the Pan cancer IO360 panel.
Project description:This study involved the collection of 25 (16 female and nine male adults) plasma samples from bariatric surgery patients. Plasma was prepared from blood samples taken pre-surgery (within 48 hours, files with the suffix ‘Pre’) and nine months post-surgery (files with the suffix ‘Post’).
Project description:Cell lines derived from Chlorocebus sabaeus kidney were infected with an isolate of PRRSV-1 or PRRSV-2 and RNASeq was performed (this entry) in parallel with ribosome profiling (see related accession numbers). These RNASeq datasets provide information on the transcriptome of PRRSV-infected cells and were used to detect novel viral transcripts and perform differential gene expression analysis on host transcripts. For the PRRSV-1 experiments, MA-104 cells were infected with an isolate based on the Porcilis vaccine strain (KJ127878.1 but with several accumulated mutations, see associated publication) and harvested at 8 hpi after pre-treatment with cycloheximide (CHX). For the PRRSV-2 experiments, MARC-145 cells were infected with SD95-21 PRRSV (KC469618.1), and a mutant thereof (KO2). One group of samples was harvested at 9 hpi after pre-treatment with CHX, and another group of samples was harvested at 3, 6, 9 and 12 hpi by flash-freezing without CHX pre-treatment. For all samples, RNA was extracted, ribosomal RNA was removed using Illumina's RiboZero kit, and remaining RNA was gel purified to select fragments 25-34 nt (PRRSV-1-infected samples, CHX-pre-treated PRRSV-2- or mock-infected samples, and non-CHX-pre-treated PRRSV-2- or mock-infected 9 hpi replicate one samples) or ~50 nt long (all other samples). Fragments were cloned into adapters based on the TruSeq small RNA adapters. For all PRRSV-2-infected (or mock-infected) libraries, adapters with an additional seven random nucleotides at the 5′-end of the 3′-adapter and the 3′-end of the 5′-adapter were used. For PRRSV-1 replicate one, no random nucleotides were present on the adapters, and for PRRSV-1 replicate two, 14 random nucleotides were present at the 5′-end of the 3′-adapter. Libraries were sequenced on the Illumina NextSeq 500 platform as a single-end run. For one NextSeq run, some potyvirus amplicons, indexed using TruSeq small RNA indices 1-48, was spiked in to the pool directly before sequencing, therefore some libraries (noCHX_RNA_9hpi_KO2_1, noCHX_RNA_9hpi_KO2_2, noCHX_RNA_9hpi_mock_1, noCHX_RNA_9hpi_mock_2, noCHX_RNA_9hpi_WT_1, noCHX_RNA_9hpi_WT_2) have a small proportion of potyvirus reads, but this does not represent co-infection in the biological sample and does not affect the conclusions of the study. Note that sample nomeclature (including replicate numbers) is consistent between this and the two related accessions, and RiboSeq libraries are matched with RNASeq libraries, which were prepared from the same lysate.
Project description:We evaluated the editome of melanoma cell lines generated from patients pre- and post-immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors by RNAseq. Our results reveal a differential editing in Alu sequences between samples pre-therapy and relapses during therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Project description:Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly heterogeneous malignant brain tumour. We took multi-region spatially separated samples from tumours and isolated invasive GBM cells using FACS based on 5ALA of near normal brain parenchyma. RNAseq was then performed to compare expression profiles for tumour cells from different microenvironment.