Dataset Information

Dissecting the Variations of Ripening Progression and Flavonoid Metabolism in Grape Berries Grown under Double Cropping System

ABSTRACT: A double cropping system has been commercially adopted in subtropical regions in southern China, where there is abundant sunshine and heat resources. In this viticulture system, the first growing season normally starts as a summer cropping cycle; then, the vine is pruned and forced by hydrogen cyanamide, resulting in a second crop in January of the next year. Due to climate differences between the two growing seasons, flavonoid content and composition varies greatly. In this study, changes in the transcriptome of flavonoid-associated pathways were compared in berries grown under the double cropping system; in addition, the accumulation of flavonoid compounds was compared. Specific alterations in MYB transcription factors occurred in winter cropping berries around veraison. Then, the winter cropping cycle distinctly induced the flavonoid metabolic pathways while triggering the ripening-associated pathways. Notably, the climate conditions in winter cropping positively affected flavonoid biosynthesis, while the summer season took a major toll on anthocyanin accumulation. In addition, the three classes of flavonoid compounds responded differently to the changing climate; the anthocyanins and flavonols were promoted several fold, whereas no consistent increase was found for flavan-3-ols. Conclusively, flavonoid biosynthesis in grapes grown under a double cropping system showed seasonal or climatic-specific accumulation patterns.

ORGANISM(S): Vitis vinifera

PROVIDER: GSE103226 | GEO | 2017/10/01

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA400621

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Cryptomeria fortunei (Chinese cedar) has outstanding medicinal value due to its abundant flavonoid and terpenoid contents. The metabolite contents of C. fortunei needles differ across different seasons. However, the biosynthetic mechanism of these differentially synthesized metabolites (DSMs) is poorly understood. To improve our understanding of this process, we performed integrated non-targeted metabolomic liquid chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS and GC-MS), and transcriptomic analyses of summer and winter needles. In winter, the C. fortunei needle ultrastructure was damaged, and the chlorophyll content and Fv/Fm were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced. Based on GC-MS and LC-MS, we obtained 106 and 413 DSMs, respectively; based on transcriptome analysis, we obtained a total of 41.17 Gb of clean data and assembled 33,063 unigenes, including 14,057 differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses showed that these DSMs/DEGs were significantly (p < 0.05) enriched in many biosynthesis pathways, such as terpenoids, photosynthates, and flavonoids. Integrated transcriptomic and metabonomic analyses showed that seasonal changes have the greatest impact on photosynthesis pathways, followed by terpenoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways. In summer Chinese cedar (SCC) needles, DXS, DXR, and ispH in the 2-methyl-pentaerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway and GGPS were highly expressed and promoted the accumulation of terpenoids, especially diterpenoids. In winter Chinese cedar (WCC) needles, 9 genes (HCT, CHS, CHI, F3H, F3'H, F3'5'H, FLS, DFR, and LAR) involved in flavonoid biosynthesis were highly expressed and promoted flavonoid accumulation. This study broadens our understanding of the metabolic and transcriptomic changes in C. fortunei needles caused by seasonal changes and provides a reference regarding the adaptive mechanisms of C. fortunei and the extraction of its metabolites.

Dataset Information

Dissecting the Variations of Ripening Progression and Flavonoid Metabolism in Grape Berries Grown under Double Cropping System

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