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Direct Targeting of MYCN Gene Amplification by Alkylating Pyrrole-Imidazole Polyamide in Neuroblastoma Cells (CHP-134)

ABSTRACT: Amplification of MYCN plays a pivotal role in multiple types of tumors and correlates with poor prognosis in high-risk neuroblastoma. Despite recent advances in the treatment of neuroblastoma, no approaches directly target the master oncogene MYCN. Difficulties in targeting the MYCN protein have inspired us to develop a new gene level inhibitory strategy using a sequence-specific gene regulator. Here we generated a MYCN-targeting pyrrole-imidazole (PI) polyamide, MYCN-A3, which directly binds to and alkylates DNA at homing motifs within MYCN transcript. Pharmacological suppression of MYCN inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells harboring MYCN amplification compared with MYCN non-amplified cancer cells. In neuroblastoma xenograft mouse models, MYCN-A3 specifically downregulated MYCN expression and suppressed tumor progression with no detectable adverse effects and resulted in prolonged overall survival. Moreover, we observed the copy number reduction of MYCN in neuroblastoma cells with MYCN amplification upon treatment with MYCN-A3 but not MYCN non-targeting PI polyamide. Expression microarray experiments were also performed to compare the genome-wide effect of MYCN-A3 with CRISPR/Cas9 silencing of MYCN (MYCNcr-a).

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE121528 | GEO | 2018/12/25

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Direct Targeting of MYCN Gene Amplification by CRISPR/Cas9 in Neuroblastoma Cells (CHP-134)

Project description:Amplification of MYCN plays a pivotal role in multiple types of tumors and correlates with poor prognosis in high-risk neuroblastoma. Despite recent advances in the treatment of neuroblastoma, no approaches directly target the master oncogene MYCN. Difficulties in targeting the MYCN protein have inspired us to develop a new gene level inhibitory strategy using a sequence-specific gene regulator. Here we generated a MYCN-targeting pyrrole-imidazole (PI) polyamide, MYCN-A3, which directly binds to and alkylates DNA at homing motifs within MYCN transcript. Pharmacological suppression of MYCN inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells harboring MYCN amplification compared with MYCN non-amplified cancer cells. In neuroblastoma xenograft mouse models, MYCN-A3 specifically downregulated MYCN expression and suppressed tumor progression with no detectable adverse effects and resulted in prolonged overall survival. Moreover, we observed the copy number reduction of MYCN in neuroblastoma cells with MYCN amplification upon treatment with MYCN-A3 but not MYCN non-targeting PI polyamide. Expression microarray experiments were also performed to compare the genome-wide effect of MYCN-A3 with CRISPR/Cas9 silencing of MYCN (MYCNcr-a).

2018-12-25 | GSE121529 | GEO

Direct Targeting of MYCN Gene Amplification by Alkylating Pyrrole-Imidazole Polyamide in Neuroblastoma Cells (CHP-134)

Project description:Direct Targeting of MYCN Gene Amplification by Alkylating Pyrrole-Imidazole Polyamide in Neuroblastoma Cells (CHP-134)

| PRJNA497578 | ENA

Direct Targeting of MYCN Gene Amplification by Alkylating Pyrrole-Imidazole Polyamide and CRISPR/Cas9 in Neuroblastoma Cells (CHP-134)

Project description:Direct Targeting of MYCN Gene Amplification by Alkylating Pyrrole-Imidazole Polyamide and CRISPR/Cas9 in Neuroblastoma Cells (CHP-134)

| PRJNA497575 | ENA

Direct Targeting of MYCN Gene Amplification by CRISPR/Cas9 in Neuroblastoma Cells (CHP-134)

Project description:Direct Targeting of MYCN Gene Amplification by CRISPR/Cas9 in Neuroblastoma Cells (CHP-134)

| PRJNA497579 | ENA

Estimating Genome-wide Off-Target Effects for Pyrrole-Imidazole Polyamide Binding by a Pathway-Based Expression Profiling Approach (CHP-134 cells)

Project description:Side and off-target effects remain a difficult issue in the search of pharmaceutical leads, especially with DNA-binding molecules or genome editing methods where the issue becomes particularly thorny. A particular case is the investigations into the off-target effects of N-methylpyrrole-N-methylimidazole polyamides, a naturally inspired class of DNA binders that discriminately access the minor groove with strong affinity and sequence specificity but the relatively short motif of < 20 bases often imply possible non-unique genomic binding. Multiple binding sites may translate to binding at non-intended loci, potentially leading to off-target effects, issues that very few approaches are able to address to-date. We here report an analytical method of inferring off-target binding from expression profiling based on the relative impact to various biochemical pathways, as well as an accompanying side effect prediction engine to allow candidate polyamides to be systematically screened. This method marks the first attempt in PI polyamide research to identify elements in various biochemical pathways sensitive to the treatment of a candidate polyamide to infer possible off-target effects. Expression changes were then considered for their possible effect on outward phenotypic changes, manifested as side effects, should the same PI polyamide candidate be administered clinically. We also performed a series of animal experiments to validate some of these effects, and found some corroboration in certain side effect manifestations, such as changes in the level of aspartate transaminase in ICR and nude mice after injection of some of the candidate polyamides in this study.

2019-04-09 | GSE124456 | GEO

The Super Elongation Complex Drives Transcriptional Addiction in MYCN-amplified Neuroblastoma

Project description:MYCN amplification in neuroblastoma leads to aberrant expression of MYCN oncoprotein, which binds active genes promoting transcriptional amplification. Yet how MYCN coordinates transcription elongation to meet productive transcriptional amplification and which elongation machinery represents MYCN-driven vulnerability remain to be identified. We conducted a targeted screen of transcription elongation factors and identified the super elongation complex (SEC) as a unique vulnerability in MYCN-amplified neuroblastomas. MYCN directly binds EAF1 and recruits SEC to enhance processive transcription elongation. Depletion of EAF1 or AFF1/AFF4, another core subunit of SEC, leads to a global reduction in transcription elongation and elicits selective apoptosis of MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells. A combination screen reveals SEC inhibition synergistically potentiates the therapeutic efficacies of FDA-approved BCL2 antagonist ABT-199, in part due to suppression of MCL1 expression, both in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells and in patient-derived xenografts. These findings identify disruption of the MYCN-SEC regulatory axis as a promising therapeutic strategy in neuroblastoma.

2023-05-10 | PXD039332 | Pride

Functional MYCN signature predicts outcome of neuroblastoma irrespective of MYCN amplification.

Project description:Neuroblastoma is a pediatric tumor of the sympathetic nervous system. MYCN (V-myc myelocytomatosis viral-related oncogene, neuroblastoma derived [avian]) is amplified in 20% of neuroblastomas, and these tumors carry a poor prognosis. However, tumors without MYCN amplification also may have a poor outcome. Here, we identified downstream targets of MYCN by shRNA-mediated silencing MYCN in neuroblastoma cells. From these targets, 157 genes showed an expression profile correlating with MYCN mRNA levels in NB88, a series of 88 neuroblastoma tumors, and therefore represent in vivo relevant MYCN pathway genes. This 157-gene signature identified very poor prognosis tumors in NB88 and independent neuroblastoma cohorts and was more powerful than MYCN amplification or MYCN expression alone. Remarkably, this signature also identified poor outcome of a group of tumors without MYCN amplification. Most of these tumors have low MYCN mRNA levels but high nuclear MYCN protein levels, suggesting stabilization of MYCN at the protein level. One tumor has an MYC amplification and high MYC expression. Chip-on-chip analyses showed that most genes in this signature are directly regulated by MYCN. MYCN induces genes functioning in cell cycle and DNA repair while repressing neuronal differentiation genes. The functional MYCN-157 signature recognizes classical neuroblastoma with MYCN amplification, as well as a newly identified group marked by MYCN protein stabilization.

2012-11-05 | GSE39218 | GEO

Transcriptome Sequencing of Pediatric Neuroblastoma

Project description:<p>Neuroblastoma is the most common extra-cranial solid tumor in children. It represents 8% to 10% of all childhood cancers. Stage 4 Neuroblastoma is characterized by its clinical heterogeneous outcome. The special category, stage 4S tumors (2-5% of all NB) are chemo-sensitive, and the patients show spontaneous regression. On the other hand, MYCN amplification (25-30% of all NB) is associated with poor outcome of neuroblastoma, thus we further categorize stage 4 neuroblastoma into MYCN non-amplified and MYCN amplified group. Here we use transcriptome sequencing to characterize the transcriptome in 29 stage 4 Neuroblastoma samples.</p>

| phs000868 | dbGaP

Targeting Transcriptional Addiction in MYCN-amplified Neuroblastoma via Super Elongation Complex Disruption

Project description:MYCN amplification in neuroblastoma predicts particular poor prognosis and directly targeting of MYCN remains a major challenge. We conducted a targeted screen of transcription elongation factors and identified the super elongation complex (SEC) as a unique vulnerability in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma. Mechanistically, MYCN directly interacts with the SEC subunit EAF1 and recruits the complex to the target gene loci for ensuing processive transcription elongation, rendering MYCN-mediated transcriptional activation highly dependent on SEC. Pharmacological inhibition of SEC by KL-1 or KL-2 elicits selective cell death in MYCN-overexpressing neuroblastoma cells. Furthermore, drug combination screening identifies the BCL-2 inhibitor ABT-199 synergistic with KL-2. Pre-clinical studies manifest that KL-2 and ABT-199 co-treatment significantly suppresses tumorigenesis and shows therapeutic value in multiple neuroblastoma allograft and xenograft models. These findings highlight SEC as a targetable vulnerability, and simultaneous inhibition of SEC and BCL-2 holds great promise for the treatment of MYCN-driven neuroblastoma.

2023-02-27 | GSE199086 | GEO

Transcription Factor Activating Protein 4 is synthetically lethal and a master regulator of MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma

Project description:Despite the identification of MYCN amplification as an adverse prognostic marker in neuroblastoma, MYCN inhibitors have yet to be developed. Here, by integrating evidence from a whole genome shRNA library screen and the computational inference of master regulator proteins, we identify Transcription Factor Activating Protein 4 (TFAP4) as a critical effector of MYCN amplification in neuroblastoma, providing a novel synthetic lethal target. We demonstrate that TFAP4 is a direct target of MYCN in neuroblastoma cells, and that its expression and activity strongly negatively correlate with neuroblastoma patient survival. Silencing TFAP4 selectively inhibits MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cell growth both in vitro and in vivo, in xenograft mouse models. Mechanistically, silencing TFAP4 induces neuroblastoma differentiation, as evidenced by increased neurite outgrowth and up-regulation of neuronal markers. Taken together, our results demonstrate that TFAP4 is a master regulator of MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma and may represent a valuable novel therapeutic target.

2017-11-15 | GSE102652 | GEO

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