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Cell differentiation grade determines distinct FOXA2 contributions to the cis-regulatory networks of pancreatic cancer cells [ATAC-seq]

ABSTRACT: Abnormal differentiation contributes to the spectrum of aberrant properties of tumor cells. Differentiation of both normal and tumor cells is controlled by regulatory networks enforced by transcription factors (TFs) involved in lineage specification. Among them, pioneer factors such as FOXA1/2, are able to bind and make accessible naïve chromatin, thus critically contributing to the establishment of gene regulatory networks. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by massive heterogeneity, with the coexistence at all disease stages of well- and poorly-differentiated cells with diverging transcriptional networks. We found that FOXA2, a TF controlling pancreas specification, was expressed in both well- and poorly-differentiated PDAC cells, but it controlled distinct gene expression programs and displayed extensively different genomic distributions because of its partnership with TFs expressed in a differentiation grade-specific manner, such as HNF1 and HOXB8/9 in well- and poorly-differentiated cells, respectively. These data suggest that pioneer TFs such as FOXA2 are versatile transcriptional regulators whose broad contribution to the gene regulatory networks of highly heterogeneous cancers such as PDACs, depends on the differential availability of partner TFs expressed in distinct tumor cells.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE128100 | GEO | 2019/09/17

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Cell differentiation grade determines distinct FOXA2 contributions to the cis-regulatory networks of pancreatic cancer cells [RNA-seq]

Project description:Abnormal differentiation contributes to the spectrum of aberrant properties of tumor cells. Differentiation of both normal and tumor cells is controlled by regulatory networks enforced by transcription factors (TFs) involved in lineage specification. Among them, pioneer factors such as FOXA1/2, are able to bind and make accessible naïve chromatin, thus critically contributing to the establishment of gene regulatory networks. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by massive heterogeneity, with the coexistence at all disease stages of well- and poorly-differentiated cells with diverging transcriptional networks. We found that FOXA2, a TF controlling pancreas specification, was expressed in both well- and poorly-differentiated PDAC cells, but it controlled distinct gene expression programs and displayed extensively different genomic distributions because of its partnership with TFs expressed in a differentiation grade-specific manner, such as HNF1 and HOXB8/9 in well- and poorly-differentiated cells, respectively. These data suggest that pioneer TFs such as FOXA2 are versatile transcriptional regulators whose broad contribution to the gene regulatory networks of highly heterogeneous cancers such as PDACs, depends on the differential availability of partner TFs expressed in distinct tumor cells.

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Cell differentiation grade determines distinct FOXA2 contributions to the cis-regulatory networks of pancreatic cancer cells [ChIP-seq]

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Foxa2 and Pet1 direct and indirect synergy drive serotonergic neuronal differentiation [ChIP-Seq]

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A combined genomic approach unveils the transcriptional basis of heterogeneity of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma [RNA-seq]

Project description:The histological grade of carcinomas describes the ability of tumor cells to organize differentiated epithelial structures and has prognostic impact. Molecular control of differentiation in normal and cancer cells relies on lineage-determining transcription factors (TFs) that activate the repertoire of cis-regulatory elements controlling cell type-specific transcriptional outputs. TF recruitment to cognate genomic DNA binding sites results in the deposition of histone marks characteristic of enhancers and other cis-regulatory elements. Here we integrated transcriptomics and genome-wide analysis of chromatin marks in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells of different grade to identify first, and then experimentally validate the sequence-specific TFs controlling grade-specific gene expression. We identified a core set of TFs with a pervasive binding to the enhancer repertoire characteristic of differentiated PDACs and controlling different modules of the epithelial gene expression program. Defining the regulatory networks that control the maintenance of epithelial differentiation of PDAC cells will help determine the molecular basis of PDAC heterogeneity and progression. Poly(A) fraction of the total RNA from human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines was extracted and subjected to by multiparallel sequencing. Experiments were carried out in unmodified cells in duplicate, genome edited clonal CFPAC1 cells (2 KLF5-deleted CRISPR-Cas9 clones, 3 ELF3-deleted CRISPR-Cas9 clones and 2 wt clones) and CFPAC1 cells ectopically expressing ZEB1 or empty vector control (in duplicate).

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Dissection of transcriptional and cis-regulatory control of differentiation in human pancreatic cancer [RNA-seq]

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Dissection of transcriptional and cis-regulatory control of differentiation in human pancreatic cancer [ChIP-seq]

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Genetic determinants and epigenetic effects of pioneer factor binding [ATAC-seq 2]

Project description:Transcription factors (TFs) are the core drivers of gene regulatory networks that control developmental transitions and a complete understanding of how they access, alter and maintain specific gene expression patterns remains an important goal. To begin a systematic dissection of the molecular components that either enable or constrain TF activity, we investigated the genomic occupancy of two distinct TFs, the pioneer factor FOXA2 and the pluripotency-associated factor OCT4 (POU5F1), in both endogenous and ectopic settings. We find that, while stable binding of FOXA2 is highly cell type specific and similar to what is observed for most TFs including OCT4, pioneer activity can be distinguished by notable sampling of additional loci that are occupied in alternative lineages. In our ectopic system, FOXA2 binding can be selectively stabilized at previously sampled sites by co-expressing the lineage specific regulator GATA4. Alternatively, we observe minimal influence of chromatin state on discrete, stabilized binding choices for FOXA2 but a strong bias towards open chromatin for ectopic OCT4 targets. Finally, we demonstrate that FOXA2 binding and nucleosome remodeling at silent loci can occur when the cell cycle is halted in G1, but surprisingly subsequent changes in DNA methylation require DNA replication. Taken together, our results provide several new molecular insights that contribute to our basic understanding of gene regulation and pave the way for a more rational use of ectopic TFs for cellular reprogramming.

2018-01-29 | GSE92490 | GEO

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Genetic determinants and epigenetic effects of pioneer factor binding [ChIP-seq 2]

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