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Spinal cord stimulation prevents paclitaxel-induced mechanical and cold hypersensitivity and modulates spinal gene expression in rats

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) is a common dose-limiting side effect of this cancer treatment drug. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has demonstrated efficacy for attenuating some neuropathic pain conditions. Objective: We aim to examine the inhibitory effect of SCS for the development of PIPN pain in rats. Methods: We examined whether traditional SCS administered during paclitaxel treatment attenuates PIPN-related pain behavior. After SCS, we carried out RNA-seq of the lumbar spinal cord to examine which genes are differentially expressed after PIPN with and without SCS. Results: Compared to rats treated with paclitaxel alone (n=7) or sham SCS (n=6), SCS treatment (n= 11) significantly inhibited the development of paclitaxel-induced mechanical and cold hypersensitivity, without altering open-field exploratory behavior. RNA-seq showed that SCS induced upregulation of 836 genes and downregulation of 230 genes in the spinal cord of paclitaxel-treated rats (n=3), as compared to sham SCS (n=5). SCS upregulated immune responses in paclitaxel-treated rats, including transcription of astrocyte- and microglial-related genes, but repressed transcription of multiple gene networks associated with synaptic plasticity, neuron projection development, g-aminobutyric acid reuptake, and long-term potentiation. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that traditional SCS may attenuate the development of pain-related behaviors in PIPN, partially by causing aggregate inhibition of synaptic plasticity through up- and down-regulation of gene networks in the spinal cord.

ORGANISM(S): Rattus norvegicus

PROVIDER: GSE132491 | GEO | 2020/04/10

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Purpose: The goal of this study was to determine the gene expression changes that occur over 7 days in parralyzed muscle in response to isometric contraction elicited by electrical stimulation initiated 4 months after spinal cord injury and to compare such changes to those observed in a normal muscle subjected to overload. Methods: Electrical stimulation of the soleus and plantaris muscle was stimulated in female rats with complete transection of the spinal cord at the interspace between the 9th and 10th thoracic vertebrae. Stimulation was begun 16 weeks after spinal cord transection and produced near-isometric contraction of soleus, plantaris and tibialis anterior. Muscle was analyzed at 1, 2 and 7 days after starting exercise with electrical stimulation. To provide a baseline reference for gene expression at 16 weeks after spinal cord injury, muscle was also analysed from an additional group of spinal cord transected animals. One additional group of animals with a sham-spinal cord injury was included to provide information about gene expression in neurologically intact animals of similar age. In parallel studies, rats underwent bilateral gastrocnemius ablation to overload soleus and plantaris, or a sham ablation as a control. Muscle was analyzed at 1, 3 and 7 days after gastrocnemius ablation or sham-ablation. Gene expression was determined using Affymetrix Rat Exon microarrays. For each group of animals, microarray analysis was performed for soleus muscle for each of 3 separate animals, using one array per animal. Control sammples for the spinal cord injured groups included a group of animals with a Sham-spinal cord injury, and a group of spinal cord injured animals that did not get electrical stimulation. The comparator for determining fold-change expression values was the spinal cord injured group that did not receive electrical stimulation. For each day after gastrocnemius ablation, a control was included that received all procedures needed for this ablation except cutting the distal insertion of the gastrocnemius into the Achilles tendon to control for effects of the surgery on gene expression.

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Spinal cord stimulation prevents paclitaxel-induced mechanical and cold hypersensitivity and modulates spinal gene expression in rats

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