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An in vivo systematic genetic analysis of tumour progression in Drosophila identifies the cohesin complex as an invasion suppressor

ABSTRACT: Metastasis is the leading cause of death for cancer patients. Consequently it is imperative that we improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie progression of tumour growth towards malignancy. Advances in genome characterisation technologies have been very successful in identifying commonly mutated or misregulated genes in a variety of human cancers. However the difficulty in evaluating whether these candidate genes drive tumour progression remains a major challenge. Using the genetic amenability of Drosophila melanogaster we generated tumours with specific genotypes in the living animal and carried out a detailed systematic loss-of-function analysis to identify conserved genes that enhance or suppress epithelial tumour progression. This enabled the discovery of functional cooperative regulators of invasion and the establishment of a network of conserved invasion suppressors. This includes constituents of the cohesin complex, which can either promote individual or collective invasion, depending on the severity of effect on cohesin function. We used Clariom™ S Assay arrays to detail the global programme of gene expression following STAG2 KD to detect DEG involved in regulation of cell motility and cell-cell junction assembly and maintenance.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE137773 | GEO | 2020/06/14

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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CG7379/ING1 in cancer progression. A study of migration and invasion in in vivo and in vitro epithelial systems

Project description:Metastasis is the leading cause of death for cancer patients. Consequently it is imperative that we improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie progression of tumour growth towards malignancy. A large-scale genetic screen was carried out to identify genes that affect tumour progression in the living fly. This screen identified CG7379 as promoting cancer cell invasion when gene expression was knocked down in epithelial tumours in the dorsal thorax of the fly. The uncharacterised CG7379 Drosophila gene shows high homology with the human ING (inhibitor of growth) gene family. ING proteins are known to be involved in the control of cell proliferation, senescence and apoptosis. However, their potential role in cell migration and invasion is yet to be properly documented. Homeostasis of epithelial tissues relies on the control of cell polarity and architecture, and our results strongly suggest that CG7379 and ING1 play an important role in cell-cell junction integrity maintenance. The knockdown of both the Drosophila and human gene increases invasion in the living animal and in in vitro invasion assays respectively and gene knock-down led to severe disruption of cell-cell junction integrity. We used Clariom™ S Assay arrays to detail the global programme of gene expression following ING1 KD to detect DEG involved in regulation of cell motility and cell-cell junction assembly and maintenance.

2021-09-22 | GSE125438 | GEO

Gene expression profiling of control cohesin knockdown LSK cells

Project description:We performed RNA-sequencing in LSK cells (Lin(neg)/c-Kit(+)/Sca-1(+)) from shRNA mice carrying an shRNA for Renilla, Smc1a or Stag2. RNA-sequencing control (Renilla) and cohesin (Smc1a and Stag2) knockdown cells.

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Truncating mutations of STAG2 define a molecular subgroup of aneuploid bladder cancers with poor prognosis.

Project description:Aneuploidy is among the most common hallmarks of cancer, yet the underlying genetic mechanisms are still poorly defined. We have recently identified STAG2 as a gene that is mutated in human cancer and whose inactivation leads directly to chromosomal instability and aneuploidy. However, no single tumor type has yet been identified in which inactivation of a cohesin subunit represents a predominant mutational event. Here we used immunohistochemistry to screen a panel of 2,214 tumors from each of the major human tumor types to identify additional tumor types harboring somatic loss of STAG2. Strikingly, STAG2 expression was completely absent in 18% of urothelial carcinomas, the most common type of bladder cancer and the fifth most common cancer in the United States. DNA sequencing revealed that somatic mutations of STAG2 were present in 21% of urothelial carcinomas, which were found to be a group of highly aneuploid tumors. The acquisition of STAG2 mutations was shown to be an early event in the pathogenesis of urothelial carcinoma. STAG2 loss was significantly associated with lymph node invasion, increased disease recurrence, and reduced cancer-specific survival. These results identify STAG2 as one of the most commonly mutated genes in bladder cancer discovered to date, and demonstrate that STAG2 inactivation defines an aggressive subtype of bladder cancer with particularly poor prognosis. Affymetrix CytoScan HD Arrays were performed according to the manufacturer's directions on genomic DNA extracted directly from snap-frozen human urothelial carcinoma primary tumors. Copy number analysis using Affymetrix CytoScan HD Arrays was performed for 12 human urothelial carcinomas of the bladder with truncating mutations of the STAG2 gene.

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STAG2 promotes the myelination transcriptional program in oligodendrocytes [RNA-seq]

Project description:Cohesin folds chromosomes via DNA loop extrusion. Cohesin-mediated chromosome loops regulate transcription by shaping long-range enhancer-promoter interactions, among other mechanisms. Mutations of cohesin subunits and regulators cause human developmental diseases termed cohesinopathy. Vertebrate cohesin consists of SMC1, SMC3, RAD21, and either STAG1 or STAG2. To probe the physiological functions of cohesin, we created conditional knockout (cKO) mice with Stag2 deleted in the nervous system. Stag2 cKO mice exhibit growth retardation, neurological defects, and premature death, in part due to insufficient myelination of nerve fibers. Stag2 cKO oligodendrocytes exhibit delayed maturation and downregulation of myelinationrelated genes. Stag2 loss reduces promoter-anchored loops at downregulated genes in oligodendrocytes. Thus, STAG2-cohesin generates promoter-anchored loops at myelinationpromoting genes to facilitate their transcription. Our study implicates defective myelination as a contributing factor to cohesinopathy and establishes oligodendrocytes as a relevant cell type to explore the mechanisms by which cohesin regulates transcription.

2022-08-23 | GSE186890 | GEO

STAG2 promotes the myelination transcriptional program in oligodendrocytes [Hi-C]

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STAG2 promotes the myelination transcriptional program in oligodendrocytes [scRNA-seq]

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STAG2 promotes the myelination transcriptional program in oligodendrocytes [ChIP-seq]

2022-08-23 | GSE186891 | GEO

PAXIP1 and STAG2 converge to maintain 3D genome archi-tecture and facilitate promoter/enhancer contacts to enable stress hormone-dependent transcription

Project description:How steroid hormone receptors (SHRs) orchestrate transcriptional activity remains only partly understood. Upon activation, SHRs bind the genome and recruit their co-regulators, crucial to induce gene expression. However, it remains unknown which components of the SHR-recruited coregulator complex are essential to drive transcription following hormonal stimuli. Through a FACS-based genome-wide CRISPR screen, we comprehensively dissected the Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) co-regulatory complex involved in gene-target regulation. We describe a novel functional cross-talk between PAXIP1 and the cohesin subunit STAG2 that is critical for regulation of gene expression by GR. Without altering the GR cistrome, PAXIP1 and STAG2 depletion alter the GR transcriptome, by impairing the recruitment of 3D-genome organization proteins to the GR complex. Importantly, we demonstrate that PAXIP1 is required for stability of cohesin on the genome, its localization to GR-occupied sites, and maintenance of enhancer-promoter interactions. Moreover, in lung cancer, where GR acts as tumor suppressor, PAXIP1/STAG2 loss enhances GR-mediated tumor suppressor activity by modifying local chromatin interactions. All together, we introduce PAXIP1 and STAG2 as novel co-regulators of GR, required to maintain 3D-genome architecture and drive the GR transcriptional programme following hormonal stimuli.

2023-10-24 | PXD038902 | Pride

Gene expression profiling from cohesin knockdown cells obtained grown in methylcellulose

Project description:We performed RNA-sequencing in c-Kit+ cells that were infected with retroviruses expressing shRNAs for Renilla, Rad21, Smc1a, Smc3 or Stag2. These cells were grown in methylcellulose (M3434) for either one passage (P1) or replated for five passages (P5). RNA-sequencing control (Ren) and cohesin (Rad21, Smc1a, Smc3 and Stag2) knockdown cells.

2015-09-16 | E-GEOD-72368 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:Purpose: Cohesin is a ring-shaped complex that is critical to genome organization and is an important regulator of gene expression. How cohesin accessory proteins contribute to cohesin function remain unclear. The purpose of this study is to assess the roles of cohesin accessory proteins, STAG1 and STAG2, in cohesin localization and gene expression. Method: The role of STAG1 and STAG2 in gene regulation was assessed by performing RNA-seq in wildtype and CRISPR-Cas9 genome edited STAG knockout mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). The redundancy of the STAGs was addressed by using siRNA against STAG1 in a STAG2-knockout background.

2020-08-10 | GSE144115 | GEO

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