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Transcriptome-wide expression analysis of pooled brain samples of patients with Alzheimer's disease compared to controls

ABSTRACT: Brain tissue of 3 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 3 healthy controls dying without any history of neurological or psychiatric illness was used. The diagnosis of AD was made on the basis of both clinical and neuropathological evidence according to the criteria of the International Working Group (IWG) for New Research Criteria for the diagnosis of AD in the revision of 2014 (IWG-2),16 the NIA-AA diagnostic criteria in the revision of 201117 and the NIA-AA guidelines for the neuropathological assessment of AD. Only cases with typical AD according to IWG-2 criteria were included. Transcriptome-wide expression of AD and healthy control samples was assessed with Affymetrix Human Whole Genome Tiling Array 1.0 Set.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE138214 | GEO | 2022/01/19

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Aging is often characterized by a progressive loss of cognitive abilities due to the onset of different forms of dementia. Among these, Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (LBD) are the most widespread ones. However, little is known about the common aspects between these conditions and how these aspects can be linked to aging itself. With this work, we aim to identify a molecular fil rouge that could link aging and different dementias in order to possibly highlight strategic targets for novel therapeutical approaches. A whole transcriptome analysis and a Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) have been carried out on brain samples from hippocampus (HI), temporal and parietal cortex (TC, PC), cingulate cortex (CG), and substantia nigra (SN) from the Abbiategrasso Brain Bank (ABB) of subjects with a neuropathological diagnosis of AD and LBD (6 per pathology) and 3 age-matched controls with no dementia (CTRLs). Clinical and neuropsychological profile were obtained through serial evaluations, made at the baseline and in the following years. According to the ABB protocol, the neuropathological diagnosis was based on a complete histological characterization, including all the main proteinopathies and vascular scoring. Transcriptomic results showed some major differences in the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two pathologies and in particular that AD brains gene expression is more affected compared to LBD’s one (DEGsAD=3156; DEGsLBD=278). Furthermore, the GSEA showed that in AD it is possible to cluster the analysed regions by biological processes (HI and TC: DEGs primarily related to synaptic transmission; PC, CG and SN: DEGs primarily related to proper protein folding and inflammation) while in LBD there is only a strong and peculiar involvement of SN (DEGs primarily related to proper protein folding and inflammation) and PC (DEGs primarily related to myelination and glial system activation). AD and LBD are different forms of dementia characterized by a definite time and severity-related pattern. Therefore, it is possible to draw a molecular map of pathology spreading in the brain that could unveil unexplored roads and possible shortcuts leading to a better understanding of AD and LBD pathogenesis. This could help to discover novel biological targets in order to develop effective and well-timed therapeutical approaches.