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RNA-seq analysis in fibroblast IMR90 CTRL/MYC/MYC+SF3A3 KD

ABSTRACT: Splicing is a central RNA-based process commonly altered in human cancers; however, how the splicing machinery is co-opted during tumorigenesis remains largely unresolved. Here we identify the splice factor SF3A3 at the nexus of an oncogenic translation program that rewires splicing to promote tumorigenesis. Our results suggest that key spliceosomal networks centered on the essential core U2-associated factor, SF3A3, are exquisitely controlled at the translation level during oncogenic stress. Upon oncogene activation, SF3A3 translation is rapidly enabled via a conserved internal stem-loop structure embedded in the transcript 5’ untranslated region (UTR). Uncoupled SF3A3 translation leads to alternative splicing of several mRNAs involved in mitochondrial dynamics, and induces a metabolic switch that fuels cancer initiation properties in MYC-driven breast tumorigenesis in vivo. Finally, we compelling show that SF3A3 is post-transcriptionally altered and predicts for poor prognosis in aggressive triple negative breast cancers. Together, these findings unveil a highly dynamic regulatory network that interfaces mRNA splicing and translation to orchestrate cancer gene expression networks.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE147505 | GEO | 2021/03/25

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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RNA-seq analysis in breast cancer cell lines BT549 WT and SF3A3 5'UTR DSL3 edited.

Project description:Splicing is a central RNA-based process commonly altered in human cancers; however, how the splicing machinery is co-opted during tumorigenesis remains largely unresolved. Here we identify the splice factor SF3A3 at the nexus of an oncogenic translation program that rewires splicing to promote tumorigenesis. Our results suggest that key spliceosomal networks centered on the essential core U2-associated factor, SF3A3, are exquisitely controlled at the translation level during oncogenic stress. Upon oncogene activation, SF3A3 translation is rapidly enabled via a conserved internal stem-loop structure embedded in the transcript 5’ untranslated region (UTR). Uncoupled SF3A3 translation leads to alternative splicing of several mRNAs involved in mitochondrial dynamics, and induces a metabolic switch that fuels cancer initiation properties in MYC-driven breast tumorigenesis in vivo. Finally, we compelling show that SF3A3 is post-transcriptionally altered and predicts for poor prognosis in aggressive triple negative breast cancers. Together, these findings unveil a highly dynamic regulatory network that interfaces mRNA splicing and translation to orchestrate cancer gene expression networks.

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Key role of dysregulated SF3A3 translation in MYC-induced breast tumorigenesis

Project description:Key role of dysregulated SF3A3 translation in MYC-induced breast tumorigenesis

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Targeted DMS probing of SF3A3 5' UTR

Project description:To delineate the native structure of SF3A3 5'UTR, RNA was harvested from IMR90 human fibroblasts. Using specific primers and DMS-MaPSeq pipeline, we validated individual base pairing probabilities within the endogenous 5'UTR of SF3A3 (samples described as 'in vivo' transcribed). DMS-MaP-Seq is based on the principle that DMS is highly reactive to solvent-accessible, unpaired adenine (A) and cytosine (C) residues, but remains inert toward base-paired A and C engaged in Watson-Crick interactions (Rouskin et al., 2014). Using this methodology, we identify stable stem-loop structure (SL3) positioned within SF3A3 5'UTR. To further validate the functional importance of SL3, the structural point mutant (SF3A3 5'UTR mut: A55C and U95A) and rescue (SF3A3 5'UTR res: A55C and U95A and rescuing point mutations G61U and U100G) sequences of SF3A3 5'UTR were cloned into the reporter plasmid. For the validation of these mutate-and-rescue constructs, plasmids were in vitro transcribed and either used directly (samples described as 'in vitro') for DMS-MaP-Seq probing.

2021-03-25 | GSE147504 | GEO

RNA-seq analysis in fibroblast IMR90 CTRL/MYC/MYC+SF3A3 KD

Project description:RNA-seq analysis in fibroblast IMR90 CTRL/MYC/MYC+SF3A3 KD

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Oncogenic MYC induces a dependency on the spliceosome in human cancer

Project description:c-MYC (MYC) overexpression or hyperactivation is one of the most common drivers of human cancer. Despite intensive study, the MYC oncogene remains recalcitrant to therapeutic inhibition. Like other classic oncogenes, hyperactivation of MYC leads to collateral stresses onto cancer cells, suggesting that tumors harbor unique vulnerabilities arising from oncogenic activation of MYC. Herein, we discover the spliceosome as a new target of oncogenic stress in MYC-driven cancers. We identify BUD31 as a MYC-synthetic lethal gene, and demonstrate that BUD31 is a splicing factor required for the assembly and catalytic activity of the spliceosome. Core spliceosomal factors (SF3B1, U2AF1, and others) associate with BUD31 and are also required to tolerate oncogenic MYC. Notably, MYC hyperactivation induces an increase in total pre-mRNA synthesis, suggesting an increased burden on the core spliceosome to process pre-mRNA. In contrast to normal cells, partial inhibition of the spliceosome in MYC-hyperactivated cells leads to global intron retention, widespread defects in pre-mRNA maturation, and deregulation of many essential cell processes. Importantly, genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of the spliceosome in vivo impairs survival, tumorigenicity, and metastatic proclivity of MYC-dependent breast cancers. Collectively, these data suggest that oncogenic MYC confers a collateral stress on splicing and that components of the spliceosome may be therapeutic entry points for aggressive MYC-driven cancers. Examination of intron rentention in MYC-ER HMECs, in 4 conditions

2015-09-03 | E-GEOD-66182 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Targeted DMS probing of SF3A3 5' UTR

Project description:Targeted DMS probing of SF3A3 5' UTR

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Mutations in splicing factor SF3B1 promote transformation through MYC stabilization

Project description:Although mutations in the RNA splicing factor SF3B1 are frequently observed in multiple human cancers, their functional role in promoting tumorigenesis and therapeutic significance remain poorly understood. Here we characterize the splicing landscape of 79 tumors and 12 isogenic cell lines harboring SF3B1 hotspot mutations, identifying hundreds of cryptic 3’ splice site (ss) events shared as well as specific to different tumor types. Regulatory network analysis shows that tumors harboring the most common hotspot mutation in SF3B1 (SF3B1K700E) activate the MYC transcriptional program. SF3B1 mutations lead to a dramatic decay of transcripts encoding the key PP2A phosphatase subunit PPP2R5A due to aberrant 3’ss usage, resulting in increased c-MYC serine 62 phosphorylation (allowing MYC to escape ubiquitin-mediated degradation) and in increased BCL2 serine 70 phosphorylation (leading to anti-apoptotic effects). This effect of SF3B1K700E on c-MYC and BCL2 activation through post-translational regulation was conserved across human and mouse cells and could be rescued by restored expression of PPP2R5A. Consonant with this, mutant SF3B1 promoted c-MYC driven tumorigenesis could be restored by the PP2A activating agent FTY-720. This study reveals the functional contribution of mutant SF3B1 to tumorigenesis through regulation of established oncogenic pathways and provides therapeutic strategies for related tumors.

2020-05-01 | GSE116391 | GEO

Human colon cancer HCT116 cell LC/MSMS

Project description:Mitosis deregulation is a key event during carcinogenesis. Alternative splicing spectrum alteration plays a critical role during mitosis shift. However, the molecules responsible for dysregulated alternative splicing driving carcinogenetic mitosis remain poorly defined. Here, we demonstrate that cancer metastasis-associated antigen 1 (MTA1), a well-known oncogenic chromatin modifier, broadly interacts and co-expresses with RBPs across cancers, contributes to cancerous mitosis-related alternative splicing. Using developed fCLIP-seq technology, we show that MTA1 binds abundant transcripts, preferentially at splicing-responsible motifs, influencing both the abundance and alternative splicing (AS) of target transcripts. MTA1 is cytoplasmic and extrachromosomal at mitosis. Through the RNA-association activity, MTA1 regulates the mRNA level and guides the AS of a serious of mitosis regulators to control the mitosis. MTA1 deletion abrogated the dynamic AS switches of variants for ATRX and MYBL2 at mitotic stage, which are relevant to mitosis and tumorigenesis. MTA1 dysfunction causes a defective mitotic arrest, leading to aberrant chromosome segregation, and resultantly chromosomal instability (CIN) in cancer cells and tissues, which eventually contributes to tumorigenesis. Currently, little is known about the RNA splicing during mitosis, here, we present MTA1 as a pivotal RNA-binding protein, functioning to orchestrate the dynamic splicing of mitosis regulators linked to mitosis control in tumorigenesis.

2020-03-30 | PXD018242 | iProX

Oncogenic MYC induces a dependency on the spliceosome in human cancer

2015-09-03 | GSE66182 | GEO

HSF1 drives a transcriptional program distinct from heat shock to support highly malignant human cancers [ChIP-Seq]

Project description:Heat-Shock Factor 1 (HSF1), master regulator of the heat-shock response, facilitates malignant transformation, cancer cell survival and proliferation in model systems. The common assumption is that these effects are mediated through regulation of heat-shock protein (HSP) expression. However, the transcriptional network that HSF1 coordinates directly in malignancy and its relationship to the heat-shock response have never been defined. By comparing cells with high and low malignant potential alongside their non-transformed counterparts, we identify an HSF1-regulated transcriptional program specific to highly malignant cells and distinct from heat shock. Cancer-specific genes in this program support oncogenic processes: cell-cycle regulation, signaling, metabolism, adhesion and translation. HSP genes are integral to this program, however, even these genes are uniquely regulated in malignancy. This HSF1 cancer program is active in breast, colon and lung tumors isolated directly from human patients and is strongly associated with metastasis and death. Thus, HSF1 rewires the transcriptome in tumorigenesis, with prognostic and therapeutic implications. ChIP-seq was used to characterize HSF1 binding

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