Single cell transcriptomic analysis of endoderm derived cell lineages contribution in pituitary
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Danio rerio
PROVIDER: GSE148591 | GEO | 2020/04/14
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Single cell transcriptomic analysis of endoderm derived cell lineages contribution in pituitary
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Project description:The regulation of pituitary function via the hypothalamus and via intra-pituitary connections represents a complex system. Though hormones secreted from the pituitary glands have been well studied, overall information of proteins expressed in the pituitary glands is very limited. Protein expression profiling of normal pituitary tissue may lead to discovery of novel proteins playing an important role in the physiology of pituitary glands and can lead to better understanding of pituitary gland diseases. We aimed to carry out systematic proteomic profiling of adenohypophysis from human pituitary glands using high-resolution Fourier transform mass spectrometer. A total of 2,175 proteins were identified in this study of which, 105 proteins were identified for the first time as compared to high throughput proteomic-based studies from human pituitary glands. The comprehensive list of proteins identified in this study will facilitate the better understanding the role of this important gland in health and disease.
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Project description:The purpose of this research is to determine whether the drug, Bevacizumab (a monoclonal anti VEGF-A antibody), which is approved to treat patients with metastatic colon cancer induces hyperprolactinemia (increased prolactin secretion) in humans with intact pituitary function. Past studies have shown Bevacizumab to shrink tumor size and also increase prolactin levels. The mechanism of the hyperprolactinemia might be inhibition of pituitary portal vein transport, suggesting that Bevacizumab induces prolactin secretion from normal lactotrophs in the pituitary gland.
Patients who have been treated with Bevacizumab for at least one month will be recruited to participate.
The subjects who are being treated with Bevacizumab by Dr. Stephen Wolin (a sub-investigator) will be screened by him for study eligibility. Dr. Wolin will approach eligible patients with all the information and background of the study and see if they have an interest in being consented.
If consented, there will be 2 blood draws for the research that is not part of their standard care in which 10 ml of blood is collected and prolactin, growth hormone, IGF-I, TSH, thyroxine, ACTH, and cortisol will be measured. One 5ml blood draw will occur before the administration of Bevacizumab and the second 5 ml blood draw will occur after the administration of the Bevacizumab. The investigators will then review the laboratory results. The blood tests are of the hormones of the pituitary gland to test pituitary function and see if there are any abnormalities with the secretions of the gland. Pituitary function abnormalities and hyperprolactinemia are diagnosed by looking at hormone levels in the blood and comparing them to the normal reference ranges.
This study will only involve 10 subjects and will be conducted entirely at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center.
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Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the following subset Series:; GSE4028: Effects of diethylstilbestrol (DES) on the anterior pituitary gland of the ACI, Copenhagen and Brown Norway Rat. GSE4080: Effect of DES-treated Ept congenic rat lines on gene expression in the anterior pituitary gland. GSE4081: Expression QTL (eQTL) mapping in the anterior pituitary gland using DES-treated COPxACI F2 rats. Experiment Overall Design: Refer to individual Series
2008-06-12 | E-GEOD-4083 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The obesity incidence is increasing worldwide with the urgent need to identify new therapeutics. Obesity is associated with endocrine alterations, arising from changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary hormone axes, leading to reproductive disorders, altered basal metabolism and stress hormone production. The focus of this study was to determine if diet induced obesity alters pituitary gland plasticity, gene expression and hormone production and secretion. Here we performed single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) on pituitary glands from control (CTRL) and high fat diet (HFD) fed males and looked at cell type population dynamics and gene expression changes between HFD and CTRL for all hormone-producing cell types. Our study revealed diet-induced changes in pituitary gland plasticity and hormone production that may play a role in altered hormone production in obese patients and consequently, dysregulation of pituitary gland homeostasis.
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Project description:Pituitary adenomas are benign tumors originating from the endocrine cells of the pituitary gland, but some pathological subtypes are highly invasive, known as invasive pituitary adenomas. Invasive pituitary adenomas are relatively rare, progress rapidly, easily invade surrounding tissues, have a high risk of recurrence, and have poor response to standard treatments. This study collected tumor specimens from 17 patients with non-invasive pituitary adenomas (FSH type) and 15 patients with invasive pituitary adenomas (ACTH-silent type), and performed transcriptome sequencing, aiming to explore the genetic differences between invasive and non-invasive pituitary adenomas.
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Project description:The pituitary is the vertebrate endocrine gland responsible for the production and secretion of several essential peptide hormones. These, in turn, control many aspects of an animal’s physiology and development, including growth, reproduction, homeostasis, metabolism and stress responses. In teleost fish, each hormone is presumably produced by a specific cell type. However, key details on the regulation of, and communication between these cell types are still poorly understood. We have therefore generated gene expression profiles for 2592 and 3804 individual cells from the pituitaries of female and male adult medaka (Oryzias latipes), respectively. Based on expression profile clustering, we define 15 and 16 distinct cell types in the female and male pituitary, respectively, of which nine are involved in the exclusive production of a single peptide hormone. Collectively, our data provide a high-quality reference for studies on pituitary biology and the regulation of hormone production, both in fish and in vertebrates in general.
2021-07-29 | GSE162787 | GEO
Project description:NR5A1 is expressed in the pituitary gonadotropes and regulates their functional differentiation. We have previously identified a pituitary-specific enhancer region located in the 6th intron of the Nr5a1 gene. In this study, deletion of the pituitary enhancer by genome editing abolished the expression of NR5A1 in the pituitary gland, confirming the functional importance of the enhancer. Transcriptomic changes in the enhancer-deleted mouse pituitary were revealed in both males and females.
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Project description:The pituitary gland is a neuroendocrine organ that is involved in several processes within the body such as metabolism, growth, immune function, and reproduction. Increased ambient temperatures are environmental stressor that leads to several welfare concerns in poultry production but also economic losses. Because of the involvement of the pituitary gland in several processes that are affected by heat stress, it is hypothesized this tissue's gene expression will be impacted by heat stress. The objectives of the project are to (a) identify genes that constitue the pituitary gland when compared to other collected chicken tissues (Insert tissues) and (b) identify genes that respond to heat stress via differential expression analysis to better understand the chicken's response to heat at the transcriptomic level.
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