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The JAK2-STAT pathway epigenetically regulates tolerized genes during the first encounter to bacterial antigens [array]

ABSTRACT: Microbial challenges, such as widespread bacterial infection, induce endotoxin tolerance. This state of hypo-responsiveness to subsequent infections is mainly displayed by monocytes and macrophages. Endotoxin tolerance is generally acquired following a septic episode. In this study, we investigated DNA methylation changes during the acquisition of in vitro tolerance. We identified a set of TET2-mediated demethylation events that are specific to toll like receptor (TLR) 2 and 4 stimulation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-specific demethylation occurs at genomic sites that have low accessibility in quiescent monocytes, concomitantly with the transcriptional activation of many inflammation-related genes, and they are enriched in binding motifs for several signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family members. Indeed, STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5, elements of the JAK2 pathway, are phosphorylated in association with the acquisition of endotoxin tolerance. Inhibition of the JAK2 pathway impairs the activation of tolerized genes at the first encounter with LPS. This supports a crucial role of this pathway in determining the initial response of these genes to bacterial antigens and provides a pharmacological target to prevent exacerbated responses, allowing regulated responses upon subsequent challenges. Finally, we prove the pathological relevance of the JAK2 pathway in monocytes from patients with sepsis.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE159227 | GEO | 2021/11/23

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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The JAK2-STAT pathway epigenetically regulates tolerized genes during the first encounter to bacterial antigens [RNA-seq]

Project description:Microbial challenges, such as widespread bacterial infection, induce endotoxin tolerance. This state of hypo-responsiveness to subsequent infections is mainly displayed by monocytes and macrophages. Endotoxin tolerance is generally acquired following a septic episode. In this study, we investigated DNA methylation changes during the acquisition of in vitro tolerance. We identified a set of TET2-mediated demethylation events that are specific to toll like receptor (TLR) 2 and 4 stimulation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-specific demethylation occurs at genomic sites that have low accessibility in quiescent monocytes, concomitantly with the transcriptional activation of many inflammation-related genes, and they are enriched in binding motifs for several signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family members. Indeed, STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5, elements of the JAK2 pathway, are phosphorylated in association with the acquisition of endotoxin tolerance. Inhibition of the JAK2 pathway impairs the activation of tolerized genes at the first encounter with LPS. This supports a crucial role of this pathway in determining the initial response of these genes to bacterial antigens and provides a pharmacological target to prevent exacerbated responses, allowing regulated responses upon subsequent challenges. Finally, we prove the pathological relevance of the JAK2 pathway in monocytes from patients with sepsis.

2021-11-23 | GSE159249 | GEO

Staphylococcus aureus Mediated Tolerance Induction in Human Monocytes is accompanied with Specific Alterations in Membrane Receptor Expression

Project description:Exposure of human monocytes to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or other pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs) induces a temporary insensitivity to subsequent LPS challenges, a cellular state called endotoxin tolerance (ET). The tolerant state of monocytes is accompanied by cell surface and other glycoprotein expression changes induced by the activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). In this study, we aimed to characterize the cellular state of human monocytes stimulated with Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and TLR2 ligands. We analyzed gene expression changes induced by S. aureus after 2 and 24 hours by amplicon sequencing (RNA-AmpliSeq) and compared the pro-inflammatory response after 2 hours of stimulation to the to the response in re-stimulation experiments after the first stimulus. In parallel, glycoprotein expression changes in human monocytes after 24 hours of S. aureus stimulation were analyzed by proteomics and compared to stimulation experiments with TLR2 ligands Malp-2 and Pam3Cys and TLR4 ligand LPS. The results demonstrate that monocytes stimulated with S. aureus and TLR ligands entered the tolerant cell state after activation. Compared to TLR agonist mediated activation and tolerization of monocytes, glycoprotein expression changes induced by S. aureus stimulation revealed significant differences in receptor expression profiles. We report a glycoprotein expression profile characteristic for PAMP and S. aureus tolerized human monocytes. Finally, we analyzed peripheral blood monocytes of patients with S. aureus bloodstream infection for inflammatory responses in vitro and for their glycoprotein expression profiles. RNA-AmpliSeq data from patient-derived monocytes demonstrated that the cells were pro-inflammatory responsive to S. aureus stimulation and expressed higher level of CD44 mRNA, while other markers of the tolerant cell state were not detected.

2023-05-10 | PXD036036 | Pride

LPS Tolerance inhibits cellular respiration and induces global changes in the secretome

Project description:Inflammatory response plays an essential role in the resolution of infections. However, inflammation can be detrimental to the organism and cause irreparable damage, for example during sepsis, when a “cytokine storm” can lead to multiple organ failure and often ends in death. One of the strongest triggers of inflammatory response is bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), acting mostly through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Prior or prolonged exposure to LPS, however, can induce the state of “endotoxin tolerance” where the macrophages and monocytes do not respond to new endotoxin challenge. The cellular mechanisms regulating this phenomenon remain elusive. Our comprehensive secreted protein analysis comparing LPS-tolerant and -responsive monocyte/macrophage-like cells combined with the extracellular flux analysis reveals the robust switch from the inflammatory to metabolic protein expression as well as points to the involvement of specific proteins that may regulate the change from the responsive to the tolerant state

2021-09-09 | PXD021925 | Pride

RNA-seq of non-LPS treated (N), non-tolerized (NT), and tolerized (T) IFNg-primed macrophages pretreated with or without HDAC3i

Project description:In this experiment we investigated the effect of HDAC3 inhibition on the transcriptome of IFNg-primed macrophages under different tolerization conditions. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 3 healthy donors. PBMCs were isolated from whole blood of healthy donors using Ficoll gradient (Invitrogen). Monocytes (CD14+ cells) were positively selected from PBMCs using CD14 Microbeads according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Miltenyi Biotec). Monocytes were subsequently treated with or without 500 nM HDAC3i (ITF3100) for 30 minutes prior to overnight IFNg priming (50 ng/mL). Cells were then kept without LPS (non-LPS; N), treated with 10 ng/mL LPS once (non-tolerized; NT), or treated with LPS twice (tolerized; T; second LPS concentration: 100 ng/mL).

2020-02-12 | E-MTAB-8784 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Morphine induced sepsis is mediated by abrogation of endotoxin tolerance through modulation of miR-146a, but not miR-155.

Project description:Endotoxin/LPS tolerance is a tightly regulated phenomenon, which, during infection, prevents systemic hyper-inflammation. Here we report for the first time that morphine reversal of endotoxin tolerance resulting in persistent inflammation thus contributing to septicemia and septic shock. We further report that this regulation is mediated by LPS-induced down-regulation of microRNAs 146a and 155. However, only over-expression of miR-146a, but not miR-155 abrogates morphine mediated hyper-inflammation, while antagonizing miR-146a (but not miR-155) augments morphine mediated hyper-inflammation. Hence, miR-146a could be the potential therapeutic target for morphine-mediated abrogation of endotoxin tolerance. All treatments done in vivo. Morphine implanted subcuteniously, LPS administered as intraperitoneal injection.

2013-08-01 | E-GEOD-42506 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Transcriptome analysis of in vitro endotoxin tolerant human monocytes

Project description:Monocyte exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces a transient state in which these cells are refractory to further endotoxin stimulation. Here we demonstrate the transcriptome analysis of in vitro generated LPS refractory monocytes upon subsequent re-exposure to LPS for different time points. Total RNA obtained from human monocyte exposure treated with LPS for 3h, 6h, or 24h, subsequent to endotoxin tolerization or not.

2009-03-13 | E-GEOD-15219 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Morphine induced sepsis is mediated by abrogation of endotoxin tolerance through modulation of miR-146a, but not miR-155.

2013-08-01 | GSE42506 | GEO

Genome-wide gene expression analysis during endotoxin tolerance in PBMCs.

Project description:Genome-wide gene expression was measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy humans donors, four hours post stimulation of a single or double treatment of LPS and compared to untreated control PBMCs. We show that a second treatment with LPS induces endotoxin tolerance, with a transcription profile similar to that seen during alternative polarization (M2) of mononuclear cells. Microarray processing was performed by the Genome BC Microarray Platform. Total RNA obtained from PBMCs from blood from healthy humans after single treatment with LPS, two treatments with LPS, or untreated. Comparison of LPS or LPS/LPS to untreated cells shows the gene expression pattern of endotoxin tolerance.

2011-05-17 | E-GEOD-22248 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Transcriptome analysis of in vitro endotoxin tolerant human monocytes

2009-03-14 | GSE15219 | GEO

miRNA arrays for LPS-activated Akt1+/+ and Akt1-/- macrophages

Project description:MicroRNAs regulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) target genes that contribute to the inflammatory phenotype. Here we showed that the protein kinase Akt1, which is activated by LPS, positively regulated miRNAs let-7e, miR-181c but negatively regulated miR-155 and miR-125b. In silico analyses and transfection studies revealed that let-7e repressed Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) whereas miR-155 repressed SOCS1, two proteins critical for LPS-driven TLR signalling, which regulate endotoxin sensitivity and tolerance. As a result, Akt1-/- macrophages exhibited increased responsiveness to LPS in culture and Akt1-/- mice did not develop endotoxin tolerance in vivo. Overexpression of let-7e and suppression of miR-155 in Akt1-/- macrophages restored sensitivity and tolerance to LPS in culture and in animals. These results indicate that Akt1 regulates the response of macrophages to LPS by controlling miRNA expression. The data deposited here contain the entire analysis of miRNA profile of Akt1+/+ and Akt1-/- thioglycollate elicited peritoneal macrophages following stimulation with LPS for 3 hours in culture.

2009-08-21 | GSE17421 | GEO

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