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NANOG prion-like assembly mediates DNA bridging

ABSTRACT: NANOG is a key stem cell pluripotency factor. NANOG’s unique ability to form prion-like assemblies provides a cooperative and concerted DNA bridging mechanism essential for chromatin reorganization and dose-sensitive activation of ground state pluripotency. We take advantage of Hi-C and ChIP-seq experiments to directly address whether NANOG can bridge DNA elements together in human cells, and our results support this.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE190567 | GEO | 2022/02/15

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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NANOG prion-like assembly mediates DNA bridging

Project description:NANOG prion-like assembly mediates DNA bridging

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Project description:Mammalian prion diseases are fatal and transmissible neurological conditions caused by the propagation of prions, self-replicating multimeric assemblies of misfolded forms of host cellular prion protein. Despite extensive studies investigating the changes in transcriptional profiles in prion diseases the mechanisms by which prion diseases induce cellular toxicity, including changes in gene expression profiles are yet to be fully characterized. Here, we took advantage of the recent developments in single-cell technologies and performed an unbiased whole-transcriptome single-nucleus transcriptomic analysis in prion disease.

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Single-cell transcriptomics of mammalian prion diseases identifies dynamic gene signatures shared between species [human_bulkRNAseq]

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Nanog Independent Reprogramming to iPSCs with Canonical Factors

Project description:It has been suggested that the transcription factor Nanog is essential for the establishment of pluripotency during the derivation of embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. However, successful reprogramming to pluripotency with a growing list of divergent transcription factors, at ever increasing efficiencies, suggests that there may be many distinct routes to a pluripotent state. Here, we have investigated whether Nanog is necessary for reprogramming murine fibroblasts under highly efficient conditions using the canonical reprogramming factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and cMyc. In agreement with prior results, the efficiency of reprogramming Nanog-/- fibroblasts was significantly lower than that of control fibroblasts. However, in contrast to previous findings, we were able to reproducibly generate iPS cells from Nanog-/- fibroblasts that effectively contributed to chimeric mice. Thus while Nanog may be an important mediator of reprogramming it is not required for establishing pluripotency in the mouse, even under standard conditions. In order to further evaluate the equivalency of Nanog null iPSC to nanog null ESCs, we have performed RNAseq on two independent nanog null iPSC lines, as well as Nanog Null ESC, WT ESC and iPSCs as well as MEFs. As a negativve control for reprogramming we have analyzed a partially reprogrammed iPSC line. 2-4 biological replicates each of 7 conditions (WT MEFs, WT ESC, WT iPSC, WT partially reprogrammed iPSC (piPS), Nanog null ESC, Nanog null iPSC clone G2 and Nanog null iPSC clone G5)

2014-01-01 | E-GEOD-53212 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Nanog Independent Reprogramming to iPSCs with Canonical Factors

2014-01-01 | GSE53212 | GEO

A cytokine screen using CRISPR-Cas9 knock-in reporter pig iPS cells reveals that Activin A regulates NANOG

Project description:NANOG functions as the gateway for the generation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in mice and humans. NANOG protein is highly expressed in pig pre-implantation embryos, indicating NANOG is a conserved pluripotency-associated factor. However, pig NANOG reporter PSCs have yet to be established, and the regulation of pluripotency by NANOG is not completely understood in this animal. In this study, pig NANOG tdTomato knock-in reporter PSCs were established using CRISPR/Cas9. The resulting cell line was treated with several cytokines and inhibitors to identify the key pathway that regulates NANOG expression and the development of pluripotency.

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Global gene expression analysis in murine iPS cells derived with mouse and human Nanog orthologs

Project description:Nanog null neural stem (NS) cells were reprogrammed to naive pluripotency in 2i/LIF conditions with mouse (m) Nanog and human (h) Nanog. Global gene expression in resulting iPS cells was compared to embryonic stem (ES) cells and nanog null NS cells.

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Chromatin immunoprecipitation of Tcf3, Oct4 and nanog in mouse embryonic stem cells

Project description:Embryonic stem cells have a unique regulatory circuitry, largely controlled by the transcription factors Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog, which generates a gene expression program necessary for pluripotency and self-renewal (Boyer et al. 2005; Loh et al. 2006; Chambers et al. 2003; Mitsui et al. 2003; Nichols et al. 1998). How external signals connect to this regulatory circuitry to influence embryonic stem cell fate is not known. We report here that a terminal component of the canonical Wnt pathway in embryonic stem cells, the transcription factor Tcf3, co-occupies promoters throughout the genome in association with the pluripotency regulators Oct4 and Nanog. Thus Tcf3 is an integral component of the core regulatory circuitry of ES cells, which includes an autoregulatory loop involving the pluripotency regulators. Both Tcf3 depletion and Wnt pathway activation cause increased expression of Oct4, Nanog and other pluripotency factors and enhance pluripotency and self-renewal. Our results reveal that the Wnt pathway, through Tcf3, brings developmental signals directly to the core regulatory circuitry of ES cells to influence the balance between pluripotency and differentiation.

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Transcriptional signature of prion-induced neurotoxicity in a Drosophila model of transmissible mammalian prion disease

Project description:Prion diseases are fatal transmissible neurodegenerative conditions of humans and animals that arise through neurotoxicity induced by PrP misfolding. The cellular and molecular mechanisms of prion-induced neurotoxicity remain undefined. Understanding these processes will underpin therapeutic and control strategies for human and animal prion diseases, respectively. Prion diseases are difficult to study in their natural hosts and require the use of tractable animal models. Here we used RNA-Seq-based transcriptome analysis of prion-exposed Drosophila to probe the mechanism of prion-induced neurotoxicity. Adult Drosophila transgenic for pan neuronal expression of ovine PrP targeted to the plasma membrane exhibit a neurotoxic phenotype evidenced by decreased locomotor activity after exposure to ovine prions at the larval stage. Pathway analysis and quantitative PCR of genes differentially expressed in prion-infected Drosophila revealed up-regulation of cell cycle activity and DNA damage response, followed by down-regulation of eIF2 and mTOR signalling. Mitochondrial dysfunction was identified as the principal toxicity pathway in prion-exposed PrP transgenic Drosophila. The transcriptomic changes we observed were specific to PrP targeted to the plasma membrane since these prion-induced gene expression changes were not evident in similarly-treated Drosophila transgenic for cytosolic pan neuronal PrP expression, or in non-transgenic control flies. Collectively, our data indicate that aberrant cell cycle activity, repression of protein synthesis and altered mitochondrial function are key events involved in prion-induced neurotoxicity, and correlate with those identified in mammalian hosts undergoing prion disease. These studies highlight the use of PrP transgenic Drosophila as a genetically well-defined tractable host to study mammalian prion biology.

2020-01-31 | GSE144028 | GEO

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