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Synthetic genomic reconstitution reveals principles of mammalian Hox cluster regulation [ChIP-Seq]

ABSTRACT: Precise Hox gene expression is crucial for embryonic patterning. Local transcription factor binding and distal enhancer elements have emerged as the major regulatory modes controlling the initiation and maintenance of Hox gene expression. However, quantifying their relative contributions has remained elusive. Here, we introduce ‘synthetic regulatory reconstitution’, a novel conceptual framework for studying gene regulation and apply it to the mammalian HoxA cluster. To measure the HoxA intrinsic regulatory potential and distal enhancer contributions, we de novo synthesized and delivered variant rat HoxA clusters (130-170 kilobases each) to an ectopic location in the mouse genome. We find that a minimal HoxA cluster lacking distal enhancers induces the appropriate gene set and establishes distinct chromatin domains in response to patterning signals, while distal enhancers are required for full transcriptional output. These results suggest that the genomically compact Hox clusters contain all the information to decode patterning signals and maintain positional information

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE190892 | GEO | 2021/12/16

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Synthetic genomic reconstitution reveals principles of mammalian Hox cluster regulation [Hi-C]

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Project description:The combinatorial expression of the Hox genes along the body axes, referred to as the HOX code, is a major determinant of cell fate and plays a prevailing role in generating the animal body plan. In developing limb buds, the paralogous group 13 genes of the HoxA and HoxD clusters are essential for patterning the distal-most limb structures, the digits. Inactivation of HOXA13 and HOXD13 transcription factors (HOX13) leads to complete digit agenesis in mice, but how HOX13 regulate transcriptional outcomes and confer identity to the distal-most limb cells has remained elusive. Here we performed genome-wide profiling of HOX13 by chromatin immunoprecipitation and analyzed the transcriptome and chromatin state of wild type early and late-distal limb buds, as well as Hoxa13-/-;Hoxd13-/- compound mutant limb buds. Our results show that inactivation of HOX13 impairs the activation and repression of putative cis-regulatory modules specific to the late-distal limb cells. Loss of HOX13 also disrupts the specific, spatial patterning of gene expression along the proximal-distal axis of the developing limb buds. These results show that proper termination of the early limb transcriptional program and activation of the late-distal limb program are coordinated by the dual action of HOX13 on cis-regulatory modules.

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