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KDM5A inhibits anti-tumor immune response through downregulation of antigen presentation pathway in ovarian cancer [CUT&RUN]

ABSTRACT: The infiltration of effector CD8+ T cells into tumors is one of the major predictors of clinical outcome for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients. Immune cell infiltration is a complex process that could be affected by the epigenetic makeup of the tumor. Here, we demonstrate that a lysine 4 histone H3 (H3K4) demethylase KDM5A impairs immune cell infiltration and inhibits anti-tumor immune response. Mechanistically, KDM5A silences genes involved in antigen processing and presentation pathway. Antigen processing and presentation is a critical step that is required for CD8+ T cells infiltration and activation of CD8+ T cell mediated anti-tumor immune response. KDM5A inhibition restores the expression of antigen presentation pathway in vitro and promotes anti-tumor immune response mediated by CD8+ T cells in vivo in a syngeneic EOC mouse model. Notably, a negative correlation between expression of KDM5A and genes involved in antigen processing and presentation pathway such as HLA-A and HLA-B is observed in the majority of cancer types. In summary, our results establish KDM5A as a regulator of CD8+ T cells tumor infiltration and demonstrate that KDM5A inhibition is a novel therapeutic strategy aiming to boost anti-tumor immune response.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE194359 | GEO | 2022/05/02

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Immune evasion is an important hallmark of cancer ensured by diverse strategies, including immunosuppression and downregulation of antigen presentation. Here, to restore immunogenicity of cancer cells, we employed the minimal gene regulatory network of highly immunogenic type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1) to reprogram cancer cells into professional antigen presenting cells (APCs). We showed that enforced expression of PU.1, IRF8 and BATF3 (PIB) was sufficient to induce cDC1 phenotype in 33 cell lines derived from human and mouse hematological and solid tumors. PIB gradually modified the cancer cell transcriptional and epigenetic program imposing global antigen presentation and cDC1 gene signatures within 9 days. cDC1 reprogramming restored the expression of antigen presentation complexes as well as co-stimulatory molecules at the cell surface, leading to the presentation of endogenous antigens on MHC-I, and to CD8+ T cell mediated killing. Functionally, tumor- APCs acquired the ability to uptake and process exogenous proteins and dead cells, secreted inflammatory cytokines and cross-presented antigens to naïve CD8+ T cells. Importantly, tumor-APCs were efficiently generated at the single cell level from primary cancer cells of 7 solid tumors that presented antigens to memory and naïve T-cells, as well as to activated patient-specific intra-tumoral lymphocytes. Alongside antigen presentation, tumor-APCs harboring TP53, KRAS and PTEN mutations showed impaired tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo. Finally, using in vivo mouse models of melanoma, we showed that intra-tumoral injection of tumor-APCs promoted lymphoid infiltration, delayed tumor growth and increased survival. The anti-tumor immunity elicited by tumor-APCs was synergistic with immune checkpoint inhibitors enabling tumor eradication. Our approach combines cDC1’s antigen processing and presenting abilities with endogenous generation of tumor antigens and serves as a platform for the development of novel immunotherapies based on endowed antigen presentation in cancer cells.

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KDM5A inhibits anti-tumor immune response through downregulation of antigen presentation pathway in ovarian cancer [CUT&RUN]

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