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The invadopodial and cytoskeletal regulator glycine- and cysteine-rich protein 2 induces pro-metastatic matrix metalloproteinase expression in breast cancer cells

ABSTRACT: Actin cytoskeleton has multiple functions in cancer cell invasion and metastasis; yet how these functions are coordinated remains unclear. In the cytoplasm, actin is necessary for the formation of specialized membrane protrusions, termed invadopodia, that concentrate and secrete extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes, particularly the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), facilitating tumor cell invasion. We recently identified cysteine- and glycine-rich protein 2 (CRP2) as an actin-crosslinking protein whose activity is required for the assembly and elongation of the invadopodium actin backbone. Here, we report that CRP2 is also located in the nucleus of breast cancer cells to induce a complementary pro-metastasis gene expression program mostly related to breast cancer cell invasion and metastasis. We showed in this present study that CRP2 interacts with the transcription factors SRF and GATA3 to regulated the expression of MMP-9 and MMP-13 respectively. Overall, our data indicate that CRP2 act a key mediator of tumor cell invasion.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE199822 | GEO | 2023/04/26

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Inhibition of ß1 integrin induces its association with MT1-MMP and decreases MT1- MMP internalization and cellular invasiveness

Project description:Integrin signaling plays a fundamental role in the establishment of focal adhesions and the subsequent formation of invadopodia in malignant cancer cells. Invadopodia facilitate localized adhesion and degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), which promote tumour cell invasion and metastasis. Degradation of ECM components is often driven by membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP), and we have recently shown that regulation of enzyme internalization is dependent on signaling downstream of β1 integrin. Phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic tail of MT1-MMP is required for its internalization and delivery to Rab5-marked early endosomes, where it is then able to be recycled to new sites of invadopodia formation and promote invasion. Here we found that inhibition of β1 integrin, using the antibody AIIB2, inhibited the internalization and recycling of MT1-MMP that is necessary to support long-term cellular invasion. MT1-MMP and β1 integrin were sequestered at the cell surface when β1-integrin was inhibited, and their association under these conditions was detected using immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis. Sequestration of β1 integrin and MT1-MMP at the cell surface resulted in the formation of large invadopodia and local ECM degradation; however, the impaired internalization and recycling of MT1-MMP and β1 integrin ultimately led to a loss of invasive behaviour.

2022-12-22 | PXD024000 | Pride

Regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression and secretion by LIM and SH3 protein (LASP1)

Project description:The process of tumor invasion requires degradation of extracellular matrix by proteolytic enzymes. Cancer cells form protrusive invadopodia, which produce and release matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) to degrade the basement membrane and thereby allowing metastasis. We investigated the effect of LASP1, a newly identified protein in invadopodia, on expression, secretion and activation of MMPs in invasive breast tumor cells. By analyzing and verifying microarray data sets and performing reporter assays, we demonstrate that LASP1 positively modulates the expression of c-Fos and AP-1 activity, and thereby up-regulates expression of MMP1, -3 and -9 in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, zymography assays and Western blot analysis revealed cytosolic LASP1 promotion of MMP vesicle secretion into the extracellular matrix, thus altering the microenvironment during cancer progression. The newly identified role of LASP1 in regulating matrix degradation by affecting MMP transcription and secretion elucidated the migratory potential observed in studies that investigated the upregulation of LASP1 in aggressive cancers.

2017-02-03 | GSE77584 | GEO

Deciphering the involvement of the Hippo pathway co - regulators, YAP/TAZ in invadopodia formation and matrix degradation

Project description:Invadopodia are adhesive, actin - rich pro trusions , formed by metastatic cancer cells , that degrade the extracellular matrix and facilitate invasion . They support the metastatic cascade by a spatially and temporally coordinated process where by invading cells bind to the matrix , degrade it by speci fic metalloproteinases , and mechanically penetrate diverse tissue ba rriers by forming actin - rich extensions . However, despite the apparent involvement of invadopodia in the metasta t i c process , the molecular mechanisms that regulate invadopodia formation an d function are still largely unclear. In this study, we have explored the involvement of the key Hippo pathway co - regulators , namely YAP , and TAZ , in invadopodia formation and matrix degradation. Towards that goal, we tested the effect of depletion of YAP, TAZ , or both on invadopodia formation and activity in multiple human cancer cell lines. We report that knockdown of YAP and TAZ or their inh ibit ion by verteporfin indu ce a significant elevation in matrix degradation and invadopodia formation in several ca ncer cell lines . Conversely , o verexpression of these proteins strongly suppress es invadopodia formation and matrix degradation . Proteomic and transcriptomic profiling of MDA - MB - 231 cells , following co - knockdown of YAP and TAZ , revealed a significant change in the levels of key invadopodia - associated proteins, including the crucial proteins Tks5 and MT1 - MMP (MMP14). Collectively, our findings show that YAP and TAZ act as negative regulators of invadopodia formation in diverse cancer lines, most likely by red ucing the levels of essential invadopodia components. Dissecting the molecular mechanisms of invadopodia formation in cancer invasion may eventually reveal novel targets for therapeutic applications against invasive cancer

2023-03-20 | PXD034562 | Pride

Invadopodia small extracellular vesicles glioblastoma

Project description:The therapeutic efficacy of radiotherapy and chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ) for glioblastoma (GBM) is currently limited by the augmented invasive abilities of GBM cells that survive treatment, however the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Due to their ability of transporting oncogenic material between cells, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have emerged as key mediators of tumour progression and resistance to treatment. Here, we report that sEVs secreted by GBM cells may facilitate tumour invasion through their ability to promote the formation and activity of actin-rich protrusions known as invadopodia, and that this may be further enhanced following exposure to radio-chemotherapeutic treatment. Furthermore, proteomic analysis of GBM cells exposed to this treatment revealed an increased abundance of invasion-related proteins (including adhesion, cytoskeletal, and membrane trafficking proteins), whilst sEVs were instead enriched in invadopodia-related signalling cargo proteins. Collectively, this work highlights the contributing role of invadopodia and sEVs to the pro-invasive abilities of GBM cells that survive radio-chemotherapeutic treatment.

2023-07-24 | PXD031077 | Pride

Peripheral positioning of lysosomes supports melanoma aggressiveness

Project description:Emerging evidences suggest that both function and position of organelles are pivotal for tumor cell dissemination. Among them, lysosomes stand out as they integrate metabolic sensing with gene regulation and secretion of proteases. Yet, how lysosomes function is linked to their position and thereby control metastatic progression remains elusive. Here, we analyzed lysosome subcellular distribution in micropatterned patient-derived melanoma cells and found that lysosome spreading scales with their aggressiveness. Peripheral lysosomes promote invadopodia-based matrix degradation and invasion of melanoma cells which is directly linked to their lysosomal and cell transcriptional programs. When controlling lysosomal positioning using chemo-genetical heterodimerization in melanoma cells, we demonstrated that perinuclear clustering impairs lysosomal secretion, matrix degradation and invasion. Impairing lysosomal spreading in a zebrafish metastasis model significantly reduces invasive outgrowth. Our study provides a mechanistic demonstration that lysosomal positioning controls cell invasion, illustrating the importance of organelle adaptation in carcinogenesis.

2023-07-31 | E-MTAB-13165 | biostudies-arrayexpress

CDK8 Mediator kinase drives colon cancer hepatic metastasis by regulating gene expression of the matrix metalloproteinase network [Affymetrix]

Project description:CDK8 Mediator kinase is amplified and overexpressed in colon cancers; elevated CDK8 expression is associated with shorter patient survival. Nevertheless, CDK8 kinase inhibitors do not generally suppress colon cancer growth. We addressed this paradox by investigating the effects of CDK8 knockdown or a CDK8 kinase inhibitor on tumor growth at primary and metastatic sites. CDK8 knockdown or inhibition had no significant effect on primary tumors but suppressed the growth of hepatic metastases in murine and human colon cancer models. The effect of CDK8 inhibition on liver metastasis is mediated by upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor TIMP3 and downregulation of several MMPs.

2017-09-01 | GSE103346 | GEO

CDK8 Mediator kinase drives colon cancer hepatic metastasis by regulating gene expression of the matrix metalloproteinase network [Illumina]

2017-10-16 | GSE104963 | GEO

Proteolytic inactivation of the autoinhibitory prodomain is essential for the pro-tumorigenic function of membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP)

Project description:Invasive cancers employ pericellular proteolysis to breach the extracellular matrix and basement membrane barriers and invade the surrounding tissue. Pro-invasive, pro-tumorigenic MT1-MMP is the primary mediator of proteolytic events on the cancer cell surface. Cellular MT1-MMP is synthesized as a latent zymogen. The latency of MT1-MMP is maintained by its N-terminal inhibitory prodomain. Our study reveals a critical mechanism underlying the activation pathway and subsequent execution of the tumor-promoting function of MT1-MMP. Evidence suggests that the prodomain undergoes intradomain cleavage at the PGD↓L50 cleavage site followed by the release of the degraded prodomain by furin cleavage of the R108RKR111↓Y112 site. These events, only if combined, cause the activation of MT1-MMP. The significance of these molecular events to the pro-tumorigenic function of MT1-MMP in malignancy remained, however, unidentified. To identify the functional importance of the PGD↓L50 intradomain cleavage in the activation and tumorigenic program of MT1-MMP, our current studies employed the cells which expressed the wild-type prodomain-based fluorescent biosensor and the mutant biosensor with the inactivated PGD↓L50 cleavage site (L50D mutant) and also the cells with the enforced expression the wild-type and mutant MT1-MMP. Using cell-based tests and orthotopic breast cancer xenografts in mice, we demonstrated that the intradomain cleavage of the PGD↓L50 sequence of the prodomain is essential for the pro-tumorigenic function of MT1-MMP. Our study contributes to the growing consensus for the design of selective, precisely focused MT1-MMP inhibitors in cancer. Analysis of global gene expression in orthotopic tumor and cultured breast cancer cells expressing wild-type and mutant Mt1-MMP forms

2011-06-01 | E-GEOD-28655 | biostudies-arrayexpress

TFAM loss induces nuclear actin assembly upon mDia2 malonylation to promote liver cancer metastasis

Project description:The mechanisms underlying cancer metastasis remain poorly understood. Here, we report that TFAM deficiency rapidly and stably induced spontaneous lung metastasis in mice with liver cancer. Interestingly, unexpected polymerization of nuclear actin was observed in TFAM-knockdown HCC cells when cytoskeleton was examined. Polymerization of nuclear actin is causally linked to the high-metastatic ability of HCC cells by modulating chromatin accessibility and coordinating the expression of genes associated with extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, and cell migration. Mechanistically, TFAM deficiency blocked the TCA cycle and increased the intracellular malonyl-CoA levels. Malonylation of mDia2, which drives actin assembly, promotes its nuclear translocation. Importantly, inhibition of malonyl-CoA production or nuclear actin polymerization significantly impeded the spread of HCC cells in mice. Moreover, TFAM was significantly downregulated in metastatic HCC tissues and was associated with overall survival and time to tumor recurrence of HCC patients. Taken together, our study connects mitochondria to the metastasis of human cancer via uncovered mitochondria-to-nucleus retrograde signaling, indicating that TFAM may serve as an effective target to block HCC metastasis.

2022-06-23 | MTBLS4307 | MetaboLights

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Project description:Tks5 (SH3PXD2A) is essential for the formation of invadopodia – specialized membrane microdomains that are essential for breast cancer cell migration in extracellular matrix (mostly collagen type I) and invasion. Tks5 is a large scaffold protein and its function at invadopodia is believed to come from its interaction with other proteins. This project aimed at studying interacting partners of Tks5 and their role in invadopia formation and function.

2020-07-08 | PXD011632 | Pride

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