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Inhibition of mutant IDH1 promotes cycling of acute myeloid leukemia stem cells [scRNA-seq]

ABSTRACT: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) tumors are comprised of multiple cell types with distinct capabilities to propagate the disease and resist therapy. Approximately 20% of AML patients carry gain-of-function mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 or -2 that result in over-production of the onco-metabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). Small molecule inhibitors that block 2-HG synthesis can induce complete morphological remission even in heavily pre-treated AML patients. However, almost all patients eventually relapse with analysis of clinical samples suggesting that a population of IDH mutant cells is able to persist during treatment eventually acquiring 2-HG independence and drug resistance. Herein we characterized the molecular and cellular responses to the clinical IDH1 inhibitor AG-120 (Ivosidenib) at high resolution using a novel multi-allelic mouse model of IDH1 mutant AML. We demonstrate that inhibition of mutant IDH1 exerts cell type-dependent effects on leukemic cells promoting delayed disease regression. Although single agent AG-120 treatment was not able to fully eradicate the disease, we uncovered that it increases cycling of rare leukemic stem cells (LSCs) and triggers transcriptional upregulation of the pyrimidine salvage pathway. Accordingly, AG-120 sensitized IDH1 mutant AML to the cytosine analogue hypomethylating agent azacitidine with the combination of AG-120 and azacitidine showing vastly improved efficacy in vivo. Our data highlight the impact of non-genetic heterogeneity on treatment response and provide mechanistic rationale for a drug combination that is being tested in clinical trials.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE201664 | GEO | 2022/08/17

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:A phase-1, multi-center study in recurrent non-enhancing gliomas with IDH1 R132H mutation for patients who require surgery. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the suppression of 2-HG (2-hydroxyglutarate) by comparing the concentration of 2-HG in resected tumors from IDH1 mutant glioma subjects following AG-120 or AG-881 treatment with the 2-HG concentration in untreated, control tumors. The safety, tolerability, PK/PD, and anti tumor activity data from the study in subjects with recurrent non-enhancing Grade 2/3 LGG with an IDH1 R132H mutation for whom surgical resection is indicated will identify the recommended dose of AG-120 and AG-881 for future studies in glioma. Vorasidenib and ivosidenib inhibit mutant forms of isocitrate dehydrogenase (mIDH) and have shown preliminary clinical activity against mIDHglioma. We evaluated both agents in a perioperative phase 1 trial to explore the mechanism of action in recurrent low-grade glioma (IGG) and select a molecule for phase 3 testing. Primary end-point was concentration ofD-2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), the metabolic product of mIDH enzymes, measured in tumor tissue from 49 patients with mIDH1-R132H nonenhancing gliomas following randomized treatment with vorasidenib (50 mg or 10 mg once daily, q.d.), ivosidenib (500 mg q.d. or 250 mg twice daily) or no treatment before surgery. Tumor 2-HG concentrations were reduced by 92.6% (95% credible interval (CrI), 76.1–97.6) and 91.1% (95% CrI, 72.0–97.0) in patients treated with vorasidenib 50 mg q.d. and ivosidenib 500 mg q.d., respectively. Both agents were well tolerated and follow-up is ongoing. In exploratory analyses, 2-HG reduction was associated with increased DNA 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, reversal of ‘proneural’ and ‘stemness’ gene expression signatures, decreased tumor cell proliferation and immune cell activation. Vorasidenib, which showed brain penetrance and more consistent 2-HG suppression than ivosidenib, was advanced to phase 3 testing in patients with mIDHLGGs. Funded by Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Servier Pharmaceuticals LLC; ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT03343197.

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Inhibition of mutant IDH1 promotes cycling of acute myeloid leukemia stem cells [scRNA-seq]

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